Self-Collection for Human Papillomavirus Testing in Clinical Settings: An Opportunity to Reflect on the Disconnect Between Guidelines and Clinical Practice.

Cervical cancer remains a preventable yet significant public health concern, particularly among rural, racial and ethnic minority, and LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+) populations who are more likely to be unscreened or underscreened. The recent draft guidance by the U.S.

Meaning in Life as a Potential Protective Factor for Tobacco Abstinence Among Adult Rural Residents: A Pilot Study in Alabama.

U.S. rural counties have been shown to demonstrate higher rates of tobacco use, however, there is limited understanding concerning protective factors that may decrease the likelihood of tobacco use in these settings.

Disparities in lung cancer screening utilization at two health systems in the Southeastern USA.

Purpose: Low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening is effective for reducing lung cancer mortality. It is critical to understand the lung cancer screening practices for screen-eligible individuals living in Alabama and Georgia where lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. High lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are attributed to high smoking rates among underserved, low income, and rural populations.

Cascade genetic testing: an underutilized pathway to equitable cancer care?

The Precision Medicine Initiative was launched upon the potential of genomic information to tailor medical care. Cascade genetic testing represents a powerful application of precision medicine and involves the process of familial diffusion or the "cascade" of genomic risk information. When an individual (proband) is found to carry a cancer-associated germline pathogenic mutation, the information should be cascaded or shared with at-risk relatives.

Experiences of Family Communication and Cascade Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer in Medically Underserved Populations-A Qualitative Study.

Unlabelled: We sought to explore the intrafamilial communication and cascade genetic testing (CGT) experiences of patients with hereditary cancer from diverse, medically underserved populations and their relatives. Participants included patients receiving oncology care at an urban, safety net hospital in Texas or comprehensive cancer center in Alabama and their first-degree relatives. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were completed wherein patients shared their experiences with genetic counseling (GC), genetic testing (GT), and communicating their results to relatives.

Physical Activity among Colorectal Cancer Patients and Survivors in Egypt.

Introduction: Understanding physical activity (PA) levels is important when developing tertiary cancer prevention interventions, especially in Egypt where colorectal cancer (CRC) is more often diagnosed at later stages and at a younger age of onset (≤40 years).

Methods: We assessed PA levels among CRC patients and survivors in Alexandria, Egypt. All participants completed two self-reported PA assessments: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ).

Examining Racial/Ethnic and Income Disparities on Tobacco Product Use Among US Adults Within Wave 5 of the PATH Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the interactions between race/ethnicity and income across different types of tobacco products.

Methods: The prevalence of past 30-day use of cigarettes, traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered little cigars, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among adults was examined by race/ethnicity and income levels based on wave 5 (2018-2019) data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study.

Results: Multivariate analysis across race/ethnicity and income showed that, although non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) were significantly more than likely to smoke cigarettes than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) at low- and high-income levels, such disparity only applied to low-income Hispanics compared with low-income NHWs.

An Update on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the United States.

Cervical cancer remains a significant disease in the United States. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been approved for those aged 9-26 years and for some individuals up to age 45 years, there are many circumstances in which health care professionals may not know whether the vaccine should be recommended, such as for patients with previous infection, health care workers, and those older than age 26 years. This article highlights the evidence that the HPV vaccine is a safe and highly effective way to prevent cervical cancer, with the strongest predictor of vaccine uptake being practitioner recommendation.

Increased disparities associated with black women and abnormal cervical cancer screening follow-up.

Background: To determine whether race and ethnicity impacts patient adherence to follow-up for colposcopy after abnormal cervical cancer screening.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included women that were randomly selected from patients presenting to our colposcopy clinic from 1/2019 to 12/2019. Inclusion criteria were females age ≥21 years-old and appropriate referral for colposcopy.

A Framework for Equitable Partnerships to Promote Cancer Prevention and Control in Rural Settings.

Rural populations continue to experience persistent cancer disparities compared with urban populations particularly in cancers that can be prevented or detected early through screening and vaccination. Although the National Cancer Institute and the larger cancer research community have identified rural community partnerships as the foundation for reducing the disparities, we have identified limited application of community-based participatory research in cancer prevention and control research. Guided by the Community-Based Participatory Research Conceptual Model and our collective experience, we provide a framework for a community-cancer center partnership that focuses on promoting health equity.

Efficacy of a Gender-Relevant Smoking Cessation Intervention Among Women in Brazil: Findings from a Group Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is scarcity of smoking cessation programs that take gender into account during its development, implementation, and evaluation. We evaluated the efficacy of a theory-based, culturally, and gender-relevant smoking cessation intervention delivered by Community Health Workers (CHWs) among Brazilian women that augments the smoking cessation program offered through the public health system (PHS). A total of 328 women current smokers (100% cigarette smokers) were recruited across 8 towns in a tobacco producing state in Brazil between 2014 and 2017.

Attitudes toward telemedicine among urban and rural residents.

Introduction: Adoption of telemedicine by healthcare facilities has dramatically increased since the start of coronavirus pandemic; yet, major differences exist in universal acceptance of telemedicine across different population groups. The goal of this study was to examine population-based factors associated with current and/or future use of telemedicine in Alabama.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 532 participants online or by phone, in four urban and eight rural counties in Alabama.

Willingness to participate in various nontherapeutic cancer research activities among urban and rural African American and Latinx healthy volunteers.

Purpose: Inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in cancer research can reduce disparities in health outcomes; however, data regarding barriers and motivators to participation are sparse. This study assessed African American (AA) and Latinx healthy volunteers' perspectives regarding willingness to participate in noninvasive and invasive research activities.

Methods: Using a 38-item questionnaire adapted from the Tuskegee Legacy Project Questionnaire, we assessed willingness to participate in 12 research activities, offering 27 possible barriers and 14 motivators.

Barriers and facilitators affecting presentation in women with early versus advanced stage cervical cancer.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the barriers and facilitators associated with patient presentation for early stage (ES) versus advanced stage (AS) cervical cancer (CC).

Methods: A mixed-method approach was used to collect quantitative (i.e.

Assessing Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic White Social Determinants of Obesity Among a Community Sample of Residents in the Rural Southeast US.

Employing an ecological approach, we sought to identify social determinants of obesity among Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanic whites living in the Southeast US. Data on social determinants of obesity (individual, family, community and cultural/contextual) were collected from 217 participants [106 Hispanics/Latinos; 111 non-Hispanic whites]; height and weight  were objectively measured. We compared prevalence of overweight and obese between ethnic groups and BMI values within each group by social determinants.

Misoprostol and estradiol to enhance visualization of the transformation zone during cervical cancer screening: An integrative review.

The purpose of this integrative literature review was to appraise studies conducted worldwide using misoprostol and estradiol in converting Type 3 transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix into Types 1 or 2 and to assess which regimen could be more feasible in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). We reviewed the English language literature for peer-reviewed studies that evaluated strategies to convert Type 3 TZs to Types 1 or 2 for cervical cancer screening. Web of Science and PubMed searches were performed up to July 2020.

Latinx Immigrant Mothers' Perceived Self-Efficacy and Intentions Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination of Their Daughters.

Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities persist in cervical cancer cases, 90% of which are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Suboptimal vaccine uptake is problematic, particularly among Latinx women, who have the highest cervical cancer incidence compared with other racial/ethnic groups. We examined the association of self-efficacy and HPV vaccination intention among Latinx immigrant mothers of unvaccinated 9- to 12-year-old girls.

Oncology Patient Smoking Cessation Treatment Preferences: Perceptions Across Former and Current Cigarette Smokers.

Although the benefits of smoking cessation following a cancer diagnosis have been well-established, up to 50% of cancer patients continue to smoke. Continued smoking through oncology treatment leads to increased risk of adverse events including reduced effectiveness of treatment, recurrence of additional malignancies, and reduced survival rates. Upon the cancer diagnosis, oncology healthcare providers become the primary trusted source of information and support, which represents a great opportunity to assist these patients to quit smoking.

Smoking Cessation among Pregnant and Postpartum Women from Low-Income Groups in the United States.

Introduction: Pregnancy creates a unique window of opportunity for smoking cessation. However, pregnant women from underserved groups can face personal, social, and environmental challenges that impede quitting. This study draws upon the socioecological framework to explore perspectives on smoking cessation among pregnant and postpartum women from low-income groups in the mid-South of the United States.

Understanding the surgical experience for Black and White patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): The importance of health literacy.

Background: Racial/ethnic disparities in outcomes exist for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing surgery. The underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear and patient perspectives are needed. We therefore aimed to characterize the surgical experience for Black and White IBD patients using qualitative methods.

It Takes Two to Tango: Patients' and Providers' Perspectives in Tobacco Cessation and Head/Neck Cancer.

Background: Tobacco cessation among patients with head/neck cancer continues to be challenging despite evidence that cessation improves treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand barriers/facilitators to tobacco cessation among patients with head/neck cancer and health care providers and to obtain perspectives toward the development of a patient-centered tobacco cessation intervention.

Materials And Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews with 10 health care providers and 21 patients with head/neck cancer (12 inpatients and 9 outpatients) who were current or former smokers.

Willingness of Latinx and African Americans to Participate in Nontherapeutic Trials: It Depends on Who Runs the Research.

Background: Inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in cancer-related research remains inadequate, continuing to impact disparate health outcomes. Data regarding enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities in nontherapeutic, health-related research is sparse, and even less is known about enrollment of those with a double disparity of racial/ethnic minorities in rural settings.

Objective: To examine perspectives of Latinx and African American (AA) healthy volunteers from rural and urban settings in five southern US states and Puerto Rico regarding their trust in research and their willingness to participate in nontherapeutic research trials based on who conducts the research.