Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan-enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A high intake of whole grains is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and soluble fiber from oats and barley, that is, β-glucans, has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and postprandial glycaemia. Despite such data and the European Food Safety Authority health claims supporting β-glucan-induced reductions in glucose and cholesterol, effectiveness in real-life settings among individuals at elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the long-term effectiveness of daily consumption of β-glucan-enriched bread, compared with whole-grain wheat bread, on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.

Bread, wholegrain consumption and weight change from middle to late adulthood: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Bread is a global staple with large variations in carbohydrate quality. The role of bread for weight regulation has been controversial and few studies have investigated associations of bread consumption with long-term weight changes. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the associations of baseline intake of bread, different types of bread, and whole grains as well as plasma alkylresorcinol - a biomarker of wholegrain wheat and rye intake - with weight changes during a follow-up covering the 6th and 7th decades of life.

The acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults.

Background: The cereal fibre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T), gastric emptying lag phase (T), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to influence postprandial glycaemia.

Methods: A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.

The Effect of Regular Consumption of Reformulated Breads on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Bread is a major source of grain-derived carbohydrates worldwide. High intakes of refined grains, low in dietary fiber and high in glycemic index, are linked with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other chronic diseases. Hence, improvements in the composition of bread could influence population health.

Comparison of nutritional risk screening with NRS2002 and the GLIM diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in hospitalized patients.

Nutritional risk screening, to identify patients at risk of malnutrition, is the first step in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized patients, and should be followed by a thorough nutritional assessment resulting in a diagnosis of malnutrition and subsequent treatment. In 2019, a consensus on criteria has been suggested for the diagnosis of malnutrition by the Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM). This study investigates the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional risk screening and the diagnostic assessment suggested by GLIM.

Diets differing in carbohydrate cellularity and amount similarly reduced visceral fat in people with obesity - a randomized controlled trial (CARBFUNC).

Background & Aims: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is associated with common lifestyle diseases. Dietary quality, including food matrix and degree of carbohydrate cellularity, as well as the carbohydrate/fat ratio, may influence VAT volume. We aimed to determine the effects of isocaloric diets differing in either "cellularity", a novel marker of dietary carbohydrate quality, or carbohydrate amount on visceral fat volume and anthropometric measures in adults with obesity.

Sixteen-week multicentre randomised controlled trial to study the effect of the consumption of an oat beta-glucan-enriched bread versus a whole-grain wheat bread on glycaemic control among persons with pre-diabetes: a study protocol of the CarbHealth study.

Introduction: In 2012, the estimated global prevalence of pre-diabetes was 280 million, and the prevalence is expected to rise to 400 million by 2030. Oat-based foods are a good source of beta-glucans, which have been shown to lower postprandial blood glucose. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the long-term intake of beta-glucan-enriched bread as part of a habitual diet among individuals with pre-diabetes are needed.

Trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding up to 6 months of age using structured data from routine child healthcare visits.

Aim: The Norwegian Action Plan for a Healthier Diet (2017-2021) set the target that 25% of infants should be exclusively breastfed for 6 months by 2022. Our aim was to determine trends in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in the municipality of Bergen.

Methods: Data on breastfeeding status in 2010-2018 were extracted from a standardised electronic medical record kept by public child health centres and recorded as exclusive, partial or none, at 6 weeks and 6 months of age.

Meal patterns associated with energy intake in people with obesity.

It is widely assumed that people with obesity have several common eating patterns, including breakfast skipping, eating during the night and high fast-food consumption. However, differences in individual meal and dietary patterns may be crucial to optimising obesity treatment. Therefore, we investigated the inter-individual variation in eating patterns, hypothesising that individuals with obesity show different dietary and meal patterns, and that these associate with self-reported energy intake (rEI) and/or anthropometric measures.