Pharmacogenomics of buprenorphine - a narrative review.

Buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid, is used to treat Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and as an analgesic. Buprenorphine's benefits over other opioids include longer duration of action, lower abuse potential, and a ceiling effect to serious adverse effects such as respiratory depression. This is a literature review of gene variants affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of buprenorphine from databases, such as PubMed.

Intraoperative Methadone Versus Non-Methadone Analgesia in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Methadone is an opioid-sparing opioid and it is increasingly used in children undergoing surgery due to its beneficial effects on postoperative pain scores, decreased opioid requirements, and fewer adverse effects compared to other opioids. Intraoperative methadone is not well studied in pediatric cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that intraoperative methadone-based analgesia would provide comparable effectiveness in pain management to non-methadone-based analgesia, including caudal morphine, following pediatric cardiac surgery.

Opioid use disorder in pediatric populations: considerations for perioperative pain management and precision opioid analgesia.

Introduction: Opioids are commonly used for perioperative analgesia, yet children still suffer high rates of severe post-surgical pain and opioid-related adverse effects. Persistent and severe acute surgical pain greatly increases the child's chances of chronic surgical pain, long-term opioid use, and opioid use disorder.

Areas Covered: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are often inadequate in treating a child's severe surgical pain.

Effects of oxycodone pharmacogenetics on postoperative analgesia and related clinical outcomes in children: a pilot prospective study.

Variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone in children undergoing surgery could be due to genetic polymorphisms. The authors studied the association between clinical outcomes and pharmacogenes in children undergoing major surgery. A total of 89 children (35 undergoing pectus excavatum repair and 54 undergoing spinal fusion) were recruited.