Metabolic reprogramming by PRDM16 drives cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with high PRDM16 expression frequently experience induction failure and have a poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical features remain elusive. We found that murine AML cells transformed by MLL::AF9 fusion and oncogenic short-isoform Prdm16 overexpression (hereafter, MF9/sPrdm16) exhibited resistance to cytarabine (AraC), but not to anthracycline, both in vitro and in vivo.

A Case of a CRTC1::TRIM11 Cutaneous Tumor With Venous and Lymphatic Invasion and Lymph Node Metastasis.

A  cutaneous tumor (CTCT) represents a novel and rare entity in dermatological oncology. We report a case of a 29-year-old Vietnamese woman who presented with a nodule on her right thigh and underwent surgical resection. Initially, a presumptive diagnosis of a fibrohistiocytic tumor was made based on histological features and immunohistochemical results, which were negative for S-100 and positive for CD68.

Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Enhances Tumor PD-L1 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer.

Background/aim: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 play crucial roles in cancer-related immunosuppression. Previous reports have hinted at the potential of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) to shift the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) toward an immunogenic state in selected patients. This study aimed to assess the effects of NACRT on PD-L1 expression and PD-1 lymphocyte infiltration in PDAC.

Soft tissue tumor with BRAF and NRAS mutations sharing features with NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm: A case report expanding the spectrum of spindle cell tumor with kinase gene alterations.

NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm is a group of tumors characterized by NTRK1/2/3 gene fusion. Recently, tumors with other kinase fusion genes were reported to exhibit similar morphologies. Herein, we discuss an adult-onset soft tissue tumor with similar histologic patterns as kinase gene fusion-related tumors but with BRAF and NRAS mutations.

SETD2 regulates SLC family transporter-mediated sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule.

A regulatory mechanism for SLC family transporters, critical transporters for sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule, is incompletely understood. Here, we report an important regulation of SLC family transporter by SETD2, a chromatin remodeling gene whose alterations have been found in a subset of kidney cancers. Kidney-specific inactivation of Setd2 resulted in hypovolemia with excessive urine excretion in mouse and interestingly, RNA-sequencing analysis of Setd2-deficient murine kidney exhibited decreased expressions of SLC family transporters, critical transporters for sodium and glucose reabsorptions in renal tubule.

Height, body mass index, physical activity, and risk of colorectal cancer in relation to expression of insulin receptor: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

To ascertain the involvement of insulin receptors (IRs) in colorectal carcinogenesis, we investigated the association of height, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity with colorectal cancer (CRC) and two subtypes of CRC according to the expression level of IR. We utilized data from a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study of 18,158 middle-aged and elderly subjects in Akita and Okinawa, Japan. In the statistical analysis, we used the Cox proportional hazards model and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of CRC and its subtypes as defined by immunohistochemistry of IRβ, a transmembrane subunit of IR.

A case of pancreatic PEComa with prominent inflammatory cell infiltration: the inflammatory subtype is a distinct histologic group of PEComa.

Background: PEComa is a mesenchymal tumor that can occur in various organs including the uterus and soft tissues. PEComas are composed of perivascular epithelioid cells, and angiomyolipoma (AML), clear cell sugar tumor (CCST), and lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) are considered lesions of the same lineage as tumors of the PEComa family. Histologically, a common PEComa shows solid or sheet-like proliferation of epithelioid cells.

Two acute kidney injury episodes after ICI therapy: a case report.

A 74-year-old Japanese male with lung squamous cell carcinoma received his first dose of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): ipilimumab and nivolumab. He developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and was admitted to our department. We diagnosed kidney immune-related adverse effects (irAE), and a kidney biopsy revealed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Increased Wnt5a/ROR2 signaling is associated with chondrogenesis in meniscal degeneration.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signal expression in the degenerative process of the human meniscus. Menisci were obtained from patients with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA), and degeneration was histologically assessed using a grading system. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the expressions of chondrogenic markers and of the components of Wnt signaling.

A Case of Myxoid Pleomorphic Liposarcoma with Rhabdoid Cells: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (MPLS) is an extremely rare tumor listed in the fifth edition of the WHO classification (2020). Histologically, it mainly comprises a mixture of myxoid and pleomorphic liposarcoma-like components. Genetically, it lacks fusion and amplification.

Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of osteoclast maturation in giant cell tumor of bone.

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor characterized by the occurrence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells that play a key role in GCTB pathogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast differentiation in GCTB. Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, is used for GCTB treatment.

[A Case of Desmoid Fibromatosis of the Small Intestinal Mesentery Institutions].

The patient was a 27-year-old man. He was referred to our hospital because he was aware of a mass in his abdomen. An abdominal ultrasound showed a 70-mm mass lesion.

A case of lung carcinoma with a unique biphasic feature: Implications for histogenesis of "fake mucoepidermoid carcinoma" developing in the peripheral lung.

We present a case of lung carcinoma with a unique biphasic feature. The patient was a 67-year-old male smoker with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A subpleural tumor in the left lower lobe, embedded in fibrotic tissue, was resected.

Comparative analyses define differences between BHD-associated renal tumour and sporadic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, caused by germline alteration of folliculin (FLCN) gene, develops hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour (HOCT) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), whereas sporadic ChRCC does not harbor FLCN alteration. To date, molecular characteristics of these similar histological types of tumours have been incompletely elucidated.

Methods: To elucidate renal tumourigenesis of BHD-associated renal tumours and sporadic renal tumours, we conducted whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of sixteen BHD-associated renal tumours from nine unrelated BHD patients, twenty-one sporadic ChRCCs and seven sporadic oncocytomas.

-translocated and -amplified renal cell carcinoma with co-amplification: A case of long-term control by multimodal therapy including a vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor inhibitor.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma with amplification is rare and reportedly aggressive. We herein report a case of renal cell carcinoma with translocation and amplification in which long-term control was achieved by multimodal therapy including a vascular endothelial growth factor -receptor inhibitor.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man was referred to our institution for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with multinodal metastases.

Mortality associated with the development of acute liver failure after a single dose of nivolumab.

Aim: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors are reported in all organs; however, the frequency of liver injury is low compared to irAEs in other organs. We describe a case of fulminant hepatitis after administration of the first dose of nivolumab for the management of esophageal cancer.

Methods: A man in his 80s was treated with nivolumab as a second-line therapy after his overall health worsened during preoperative chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

A rare case of intra-articular synovial sarcoma of the hip joint: a case report with intra-articular findings via hip arthroscopy.

Although synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue sarcoma, primary intra-articular cases are extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary intra-articular synovial sarcoma arising from the hip joint, that was initially treated with hip arthroscopy. A 42-year-old male presented with a history of pain in the left hip for 7 years.

Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma: A Genetically Confirmed Case Showing Bone Invasion Accompanying a Non-neoplastic Respiratory Epithelium.

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma is a newly established tumor entity that is associated with distinct clinicopathological findings. Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma is a rare, low-grade spindle cell sarcoma that arises in middle-aged females, exclusively in the sinonasal tract. A fusion gene involving is detected in most biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomas, which aids in its diagnosis.

Characteristics of Patients with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone and High Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Levels: Comparison of Tumor Volume and Clinical Factors.

Background: Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b is well known to be increased in giant cell tumors of bone. However, there are only a few studies that analyzed the association with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b expression in those patients. Therefore, we analyzed the characteristics of patients with giant cell tumors of bone and high tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b expression.