Ten-Year Outcomes of Anticholinergic Use Among Older Adults With Intellectual Disability: Findings From the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA).

Background: People with intellectual disability are frequently exposed to medication with anticholinergic activity. In the general population, the long-term exposure to anticholinergics has been associated with declines in both physical and cognitive function. This study aimed to examine anticholinergic exposure longitudinally in a cohort of older adults with intellectual disability (aged 40 years or over).

Antifungal prophylaxis against invasive and infection in adult heart transplant recipients: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) can contribute to increased mortality and morbidity rates after heart transplant in adults. The most common causes are and species. There is uncertainty on how effective antifungal prophylaxis is against spp infections and limited guidance on the prevention of spp infections.

Physicians' and nurses' perceptions of the factors influencing the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To identify barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong public hospitals from physicians' and nurses' perspectives.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted based on semistructured interviews of physicians and nurses who worked in the field of paediatrics in four public hospitals in Hong Kong. Interviews were held via telephone conversations using spoken Cantonese which were audio recorded, then translated and transcribed directly into English by the research team.

Clinical pharmacists' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong.

Objectives: To identify barriers and facilitators that influenced the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy service (CPS) in Hong Kong's public hospitals from clinical pharmacists' perspective.

Methods: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews of clinical pharmacists who practiced in paediatrics in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Interview schedule was designed based on determined themes identified in previous research and pilot testing was performed.

REalist Synthesis Of non-pharmacologicaL interVEntions for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (RESOLVE) in people living with severe mental illness (SMI).

Background: People with severe mental illnesses (SMI) such as schizophrenia die on average 15 to 20 years earlier than everyone else. Two thirds of these deaths are from preventable physical illnesses such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, which are worsened by weight gain. Antipsychotics are associated with significant weight gain.

Factors influencing the implementation of clinical pharmacy services on paediatric patient care in hospital settings.

Objectives: This systematic review (SR) was undertaken to identify and summarise any factors which influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy service (CPS) from service users' perspectives in hospital settings.

Methods: Literature search from EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection), Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL databases were performed in order to identify any relevant peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies from inception until October 2019 by following the inclusion criteria. Boolean search operators were used which consisted of service, patient subgroup and attribute domains.

Increasing prevalence of anticholinergic medication use in older people in England over 20 years: cognitive function and ageing study I and II.

Background: Anticholinergic medication use is linked with increased cognitive decline, dementia, falls and mortality, and their use should be limited in older people. Here we estimate the prevalence of anticholinergic use in England's older population in 1991 and 2011, and describe changes in use by participant's age, sex, cognition and disability.

Methods: We compared data from participants aged 65+ years from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and II), collected during 1990-1993 (N = 7635) and 2008-2011 (N = 7762).

Preparing care home staff to manage challenging behaviours among residents living with dementia: A mixed-methods evaluation.

We evaluated an intervention designed to manage challenging behaviours of people with dementia. Framework analysis of interviews ( = 21) showed the intervention modified practice and perceptions. The intervention ( = 58; power calculation proposed  = 160 for medium effect) had no significant effect on attitudes to dementia for time ( = .

Anticholinergic drugs and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis.

Background: the long-term effect of the use of drugs with anticholinergic activity on cognitive function remains unclear.

Methods: we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive decline in the older population. We identified studies published between January 2002 and April 2018 with ≥12 weeks follow-up between strongly anticholinergic drug exposure and the study outcome measurement.

Does the Formulation of Oral Solid Dosage Forms Affect Acceptance and Adherence in Older Patients? A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.

Objectives: Age-related changes mean that the older population can encounter barriers toward taking medication orally. Further work is needed to identify the characteristics of oral solid dosage forms that will improve patient acceptance and adherence. The aim of this systematic review was to identify if and how formulation aspects of oral solid dosage forms affect acceptance and adherence in older people.

Medication review plus person-centred care: a feasibility study of a pharmacy-health psychology dual intervention to improve care for people living with dementia.

Background: "Behaviour that Challenges" is common in people living with dementia, resident in care homes and historically has been treated with anti-psychotics. However, such usage is associated with 1800 potentially avoidable deaths annually in the UK. This study investigated the feasibility of a full clinical trial of a specialist dementia care pharmacist medication review combined with a health psychology intervention for care staff to limit the use of psychotropics.

A qualitative study exploring medication management in people with dementia living in the community and the potential role of the community pharmacist.

Background: The prevalence of dementia is increasing rapidly. People with dementia may be prescribed complex medication regimens, which may be challenging for them and any carers involved to safely manage.

Objective: To describe and understand the key challenges, in relation to medication issues, experienced by people with dementia and their informal carers dwelling in the community and the potential role of community pharmacists.

Association of anticholinergic burden with adverse effects in older people with intellectual disabilities: an observational cross-sectional study.

Background: No studies to date have investigated cumulative anticholinergic exposure and its effects in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Aims: To determine the cumulative exposure to anticholinergics and the factors associated with high exposure.

Method: A modified Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale score was calculated for a representative cohort of 736 people over 40 years old with intellectual disabilities, and associations with demographic and clinical factors assessed.

Mental health pharmacists views on shared decision-making for antipsychotics in serious mental illness.

Background People diagnosed with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are frequently treated with antipsychotics. National guidance advises the use of shared decision-making (SDM) in antipsychotic prescribing. There is currently little data on the opinions of health professionals on the role of SDM.

Improving the management of behaviour that challenges associated with dementia in care homes: protocol for pharmacy-health psychology intervention feasibility study.

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antipsychotics in people with dementia for behaviour that challenges is associated with an estimated 1800 deaths annually. However, solely focusing on antipsychotics may transfer prescribing to other equally dangerous psychotropics. Little is known about the role of pharmacists in the management of psychotropics used to treat behaviours that challenge.

Role of community pharmacists in the use of antipsychotics for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): a qualitative study.

Objective: This study aimed to use qualitative methodology to understand the current role of community pharmacists in limiting the use of antipsychotics prescribed inappropriately for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Design: A qualitative study employing focus groups was conducted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Use of Medications with Anticholinergic Activity and Self-Reported Injurious Falls in Older Community-Dwelling Adults.

Objectives: To assess the association between the use of medications with anticholinergic activity and the subsequent risk of injurious falls in older adults.

Design: Prospective, population-based study using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Setting: Irish population.

Sedative load and frailty among community-dwelling population aged ≥65 years.

Objective: To explore the association between use of sedative drugs and frailty.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: First wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative cohort of the community-dwelling population aged 50 years or older in Ireland.

Perspectives of carers on medication management in dementia: lessons from collaboratively developing a research proposal.

Background: The need for carers to manage medication-related problems for people with dementia living in the community raises dilemmas, which can be identified by carers and people with dementia as key issues for developing carer-relevant research projects. A research planning Public Patient Involvement (PPI) workshop using adapted focus group methodology was held at the Alzheimer's Society's national office, involving carers of people with dementia who were current members of the Alzheimer's Society Research Network (ASRN) in dialogue with health professionals aimed to identify key issues in relation to medication management in dementia from the carer viewpoint. The group was facilitated by a specialist mental health pharmacist, using a topic guide developed systematically with carers, health professionals and researchers.

Medication reconciliation by a pharmacy technician in a mental health assessment unit.

Background: Medication discrepancies are common when patients cross organisational boundaries. However, little is known about the frequency of discrepancies within mental health and the efficacy of interventions to reduce discrepancies.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a pharmacy-led reconciliation service on medication discrepancies on admissions to a secondary care mental health trust.

The impact of anticholinergic burden in Alzheimer's dementia-the LASER-AD study.

Objective: to examine the effect of medications with anticholinergic effects on cognitive impairment and deterioration in Alzheimer's dementia (AD).

Methods: cognitive function was measured at baseline and at 6- and 18-month follow-up using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Battery, Cognitive subsection (ADAS-COG) in a cohort study of 224 participants with AD. Baseline anticholinergic Burden score (ABS) was measured using the Anticholinergic Burden scale and included all prescribed and over the counter medication.