Clinical Implication of Corrective Saccades in the Video Head Impulse Test for the Diagnosis of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Infarction.

In the present study, we characterized the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and properties of corrective saccades (CS) in patients with posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) stroke and determined the best parameter to differentiate PICA stroke from benign peripheral vestibular neuritis (VN). In particular, we studied CS amplitude and asymmetry in video head impulse tests (vHITs) to discriminate these two less-studied disease conditions. The vHITs were performed within 1 week from symptom onset in patients with PICA stroke ( = 17), patients with VN ( = 17), and healthy subjects (HS, = 17).

Value of Area Postrema Syndrome in Differentiating Adults With AQP4 vs. MOG Antibodies.

To compare the frequency of area postrema syndrome (APS) in adults with anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. APS is defined as acute or subacute, single or combined, episodic or constant nausea, vomiting, or hiccups, persisting for at least 48 h, which cannot be attributed to any other etiology. The presence of APS was investigated in 274 adults with AQP4 antibodies and 107 adults with MOG antibodies from 10 hospitals.

Recurrence of clinical events at the same anatomical location in patients with MOG antibody-associated disease.

Objectives: Likelihood of clinical events occurring within the same anatomical location in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) was retrospectively investigated.

Methods: A total of 236 clinical events in 90 patients with MOGAD from nine referral hospitals were analyzed via logistic regression, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Anatomical lesion location was divided into four groups; optic nerve, spinal cord, cerebral hemisphere, and brainstem/cerebellum.

Changing patterns of multiple sclerosis in Korea: Toward a more baseline MRI lesions and intrathecal humoral immune responses.

Background: The environmental risks of multiple sclerosis (MS), including adolescent obesity and vitamin D deficiency, are increasing in Korea. We aimed to determine whether the patterns and/or severity of MS in Korea can change according to the year of birth or disease onset.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-six patients with adult-onset MS, including 164 with an available baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were retrospectively included from 17 nationwide referral hospitals in Korea.

Therapeutic Outcome of Alemtuzumab in Korean Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: 2-Year Follow-Up.

Background And Purpose: Alemtuzumab has shown high efficacy in clinical trials that primarily involved Western multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. To evaluate the therapeutic outcome of alemtuzumab in Korean patients with MS.

Methods: This study enrolled 23 consecutive patients who were treated with alemtuzumab from 2015 to 2018.

Real-World Effectiveness of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Korean Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: This study assessed the long-term outcomes of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Korean multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated in real-world clinical settings in Korea.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 160 patients with an initial diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing-remitting MS who were treated for at least 2 years. A status of 3 for no evidence of disease activity (NEDA3) was defined as no relapse, disability progression, or active lesions in annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations.

Restoration of regulatory B cell deficiency following alemtuzumab therapy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Background: Regulatory B cells (Bregs), which protect from autoimmunity, are deficient in multiple sclerosis (MS). Novel regulatory B cell subsets CD19CD24CD38 cells and CD19PD-L1 cells, with disparate regulatory mechanisms have been defined. Alemtuzumab provides a long-lasting suppression of disease activity in MS.

Racial differences in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate racial differences in the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Methods: This retrospective review included 603 patients (304 Asian, 207 Caucasian, and 92 Afro-American/Afro-European), who were seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 antibody, from 6 centers in Denmark, Germany, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States, and Thailand.

Results: Median disease duration at last follow-up was 8 years (range 0.

Evaluation of brain lesion distribution criteria at disease onset in differentiating MS from NMOSD and MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the utility of the recently described brain lesion distribution criteria to differentiate multiple sclerosis (MS) from aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) at disease onset in an Asian cohort.

Methods: A total of 214 patients who fulfilled the published criteria for MS, NMOSD, or MOG-EM and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 months of disease onset were enrolled. The brain lesion distribution criteria were defined as the presence of a lesion adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle and in the inferior temporal lobe, or an S-shaped U-fiber lesion, or a Dawson's finger-type lesion.

Neutralizing Antibodies Against Interferon-Beta in Korean Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Patients treated with interferon-beta (IFN-β) can develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against IFN-β that can negatively affect the therapeutic response. This study assessed the prevalence of NAbs and the impact of NAb positivity on the therapeutic response to IFN-β in Korean patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: This was a multicenter study involving 150 MS patients from 9 Korean medical centers who were treated with IFN-β for at least 6 months.

Simultaneous recording of cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.

Objective: To increase clinical application of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) by reducing the testing time by evaluating whether a simultaneous recording of ocular and cervical VEMPs can be achieved without a loss in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: Simultaneous recording of ocular and cervical VEMPs on each side during monaural stimulation, bilateral simultaneous recording of ocular VEMPs and cervical VEMPs during binaural stimulation, and conventional sequential recording of ocular and cervical VEMPs on each side using air-conducted sound (500 Hz, 5-millisecond tone burst) were compared in 40 healthy participants (HPs) and 20 patients with acute vestibular neuritis.

Results: Either simultaneous recording during monaural and binaural stimulation effectively reduced the recording time by ≈55% of that for conventional sequential recordings in both the HP and patient groups.

Intermittent Theta Slowings in Contralateral Side of Weakness after Sleep Deprivation on Spot EEG in Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine.

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is an uncommon type of migraine which is classified into sporadic and familial subtype. The noticed electroencephalogram (EEG) findings during HM attack are diffuse slowing contralateral to the weakened limb, but are usually normal in asymptomatic states. A 52-year-old woman who suffered from headache accompanying right arm weakness and aphasic symptoms admitted to our hospital.

Electron microscopy study of novel Pt nanowires synthesized in the spaces of silica mesoporous materials.

Structures of Pt-nanowires, synthesized in channels of silica mesoporous materials MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCM-48, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. One dimensional (1D) Pt-nanowires were formed inside the channels of the MCM-41, and were single crystals with a length of several tens to several hundreds nanometers and a diameter of ca. 3 nm pt-nanowires synthesized in SBA-15 formed a new 3D-network following 3D-pore geometry of SBA-15; that is, the main 1D-channels are interconnected to each other through randomly distributed tunnels.