Smoking is considered the most common addictive behavior worldwid. However, it is not systematically investigated whether there are bidirectional causal associations between tobacco use and neuroimaging, which might provide potential neural biomarkers or therapeutic neuro-targets for tobacco abuse or rehabilitation. In this study, using Mendelian randomization (MR), we explored both forward and reverse causal relationships between 4 tobacco use phenotypes (including Cigarettes per day, Smoking initiation, Age of initiation and Smoking cessation) and 209 neuroimaging features involving brain function and structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Vaccin Immunother
December 2024
Background: The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has enhanced survival outcomes for certain patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Pinpointing those who would benefit most from immunotherapy remains elusive. We investigated the predictive value of the modified Gustave Roussy Immune Score (mGRIm-s) in BTC patients treated with ICIs.
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