Discrete Element Method (DEM) Studies on Correcting the Particle Size Effect on the Shear Behaviors of Gravelly Soils.

The presence of overlarge gravel particles poses significant challenges for laboratory testing on prototype gravelly soils due to sample size limitations. To address this issue, replacement techniques, such as substituting overlarge particles with finer materials, offer practical solutions. However, the impact of these techniques on the mechanical behavior of gravelly soils, particularly shear strength and stiffness, remains poorly understood.