PAI-1 Inhibitor TM5441 Attenuates Emphysema and Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, primarily driven by chronic airway inflammation due to cigarette smoke exposure. Despite its burden, however, current anti-inflammatory therapies offer limited efficacy in preventing disease progression. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as a key regulator of fibrinolysis, has recently been implicated in structural airway changes and persistent inflammation in patients with COPD.

Severe drug-induced interstitial lung disease after photoimmunotherapy with cetuximab-sarotalocan sodium in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer: A case report.

Background: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) using cetuximab-sarotalocan sodium (CS) is a novel therapy for unresectable or locally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CS is a conjugate of cetuximab (monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) and IR700 (light-activatable dye). Intravenously administered CS binds to cancer cells expressing EGFR.

Analysis of the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte fraction and detailed autoimmune features in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is crucial for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Although BAL lymphocytosis is found in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD)-related ILD, the effects of CTD-associated features on BAL lymphocytosis have not been elucidated. To identify CTD-associated features that affect BAL lymphocyte fraction in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP).

Alveolar Sarcoidosis Mimicking Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia Without Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy.

We present a case of alveolar sarcoidosis showing lower lobe-predominant areas of airspace consolidation and ground-glass attenuation on HRCT, mimicking idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) with spontaneous wandering. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy and uveitis were negative. Surgical lung biopsy revealed multiple non-necrotising granulomas.

Incidence and clinical significance of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) is defined as acute deterioration in the respiratory status that can lead to a fatal outcome. It may occur in various types of interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, its incidence and clinical picture in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease (pSjS-ILD) remain unclear.

Post-discontinuation Survival in Patients With Advanced NSCLC Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Introduction: The safety of discontinuing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) because of a durable response in patients with advanced NSCLC remains uncertain, and post-discontinuation survival outcomes based on the reason for cessation are not well defined.

Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted using data from four prospective cohort studies involving 835 patients with advanced NSCLC who discontinued ICIs. Patients were categorized based on discontinuation reasons: durable response; immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (subcategorized by tumor response at discontinuation); non-irAE adverse events; disease progression; and other causes.

Prognostic value of computed tomography assessment of normal lung volume in upper lobe in idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.

https://bit.ly/4fcRCrj.

Depression and its association with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A real-world data analysis.

Background And Objective: Comorbid depression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been linked to reduced quality of life and worsened symptoms. However, the incidence of depression and its association with mortality in IPF, based on large-scale epidemiological data, remains unclear. This study investigated the clinical significance of depression in patients with IPF using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan.

Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma With Favourable and Longitudinal Treatment Response.

We present a case of pulmonary hyalinising granuloma, a rare benign disease of unknown aetiology, diagnosed using lung nodule biopsy. Glucocorticoid treatment reduced the nodule size and was effective for 5 years. However, there was persistent inflammation, indicating the need for safer treatment options for long-term survival.

The role of arterial stiffness as assessed by the cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) can greatly affect the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, standardized methods for evaluating arteriosclerosis in COPD have not been established. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a reliable marker of arterial stiffness and a potential marker for assessing arteriosclerosis.

Quantitative Assessment of Systemic Sclerosis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease via 3D-Imaging.

Background And Objective: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The disease course of SSc-related ILD (SSc-ILD) is heterogeneous, and several risk-based models have been developed. This study aimed to quantitatively measure volume loss and disease extent and subsequently evaluate their associations with the development of end-stage lung disease (ESLD).

Lethal co-expression intolerance underlies the mutually exclusive expression of ASCL1 and NEUROD1 in SCLC cells.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subtypes, defined by the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs), are thought to be mutually exclusive, with intra-tumoral heterogeneities. This study investigated the mechanism underlying this phenomenon with the aim of identifying a novel vulnerability of SCLC. We profiled the expression status of ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 in 151 surgically obtained human SCLC samples.

Utility of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein-D levels for the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced immune-related pneumonitis.

Background: Immune-related pneumonitis (irP) is a severe immune-related adverse event that can occur after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); accurate monitoring and early diagnosis are crucial. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) are used to diagnose and monitor the disease activity of various types of interstitial lung disease. This study evaluated the usefulness of KL-6 and SP-D for diagnosing irP in cancer patients receiving ICIs.

Outcomes of COVID-19 in the Omicron-predominant wave: large-scale real-world data analysis with a comparison to influenza.

Purpose: Studies on COVID-19 mortality during the Omicron-predominant wave have focused primarily on the inpatient/emergency room setting, and real-world data including both inpatients and outpatients are lacking.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 27,440,148) or influenza (n = 8,179,641) from January 2020 to April 2023 were identified using nationwide claims data in Japan. Patients with COVID-19 in the Omicron-predominant wave were compared with their counterparts in earlier waves, and a subset of the former group (May 2022-April 2023) was compared with patients with influenza as controls.

Prevalence and clinical features of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in patients with unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A post hoc analysis of prospective multicenter registry.

Background: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) may remain unclassifiable owing to inadequate, nonspecific, or conflicting clinical, radiological, or histopathological findings despite multidisciplinary discussion (MDD). Unclassifiable IIP (UCIIP) is a heterogeneous disease that can present with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of PPF in patients with UCIIP.

Association of interstitial lung abnormalities with cytotoxic agent-induced pneumonitis in patients with malignancy.

Background And Objective: The association between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and various conditions and diseases, including drug-related pneumonitis (DRP), has been reported. However, the association of the presence of ILA with developing DRP in patients undergoing cytotoxic agent-based chemotherapy, one of the standard treatments for malignancies, remains unclear. This warrants urgent investigation.

Association between the HAL score and the development of progressive pulmonary fibrosis in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A prospective observational study.

Background: Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is a critical concern in interstitial lung disease (ILD) management. The HAL score, which incorporates honeycombing (H), age >75 years (A), and serum lactate dehydrogenase >222 U/L (L), can predict acute exacerbations in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). This study aims to evaluate the predictive utility of the HAL score for PPF development.

Factors associated with uncontrolled severe asthma in the biologic era.

Background: Despite the development of biologics for severe asthma, individuals with uncontrolled status persist, posing a significant social problem. This multicenter prospective study aimed to identify factors associated with the uncontrolled status of patients with severe asthma in the biologic era assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ).

Methods: Subjects with severe asthma diagnosed by respiratory specialists were enrolled from 11 hospitals.

Prognostic Awareness and Knowledge of Acute Exacerbation in Patients Dying with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Nationwide Survey.

Accurate prognostic awareness (PA) and knowledge of the disease are critical for decision-making regarding treatment options, advance care planning, and end-of-life care. However, they have not been investigated in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). To determine the prevalence of patients with ILD who have accurate PA and/or knowledge of acute exacerbation and whether accurate PA is associated with end-of-life medical interventions and quality of dying and death.

Hypnotics and Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Hospital and National Data-Based Analysis.

Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) may experience insomnia and use hypnotics. However, the effect of the use of hypnotics on their clinical course remains unclear.

Research Question: Is the use of hypnotics associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with IPF?

Study Design And Methods: This study included 99 patients with IPF from the Hamamatsu hospital-based cohort and 123 patients with IPF from the Seirei hospital-based cohort, as well as 30,218 patients with IPF from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (the NDB cohort).

Association of constipation with the survival of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.

Background: Constipation is associated with the prognosis of several chronic diseases. However, the effect of constipation on the prognosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between constipation and the prognosis of patients with IIPs.

Case of familial interstitial lung disease attributed to ATP-binding cassette transporter 3 gene mutation in identical twins.

Mutations in ABCA3 can result in surfactant deficiency, leading to respiratory distress syndrome in term neonates, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children. Here, we report an extremely rare case of ILD in an identical twin with novel ABCA3 germline mutations. Interestingly, they showed mostly similar, but slightly different, clinical features.

3D-CT-derived lung volumes and mortality risk in patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex and heterogenous interstitial lung disease (ILD) that occurs in susceptible individuals due to certain inhaled antigens. Fibrotic-HP is a major underlying disease of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, in addition to the radiological features of HP, quantitatively measuring fibrosis is important to evaluate disease severity and progression.