Re-evaluating the etiology of citrus "Dothiorella gummosis" in Italy.

Citrus is one of the most important crops in Italy, especially in the southern regions. Field surveys conducted in the main production areas of southern Italy, regulated by the EU geographical indications system, revealed the presence of symptomatic citrus trees (lemon, mandarin, sweet orange, bergamot and grapefruit) showing severe trunk and branch canker and gummosis. This disease, formerly known as "Dothiorella gummosis" has been re-investigated in the light of the new advances of fungal taxonomy.

Bottlebrush and Myrtle twig canker caused by species: an emerging canker-causing group of fungi in Italy.

Pestalotioid fungi were isolated in pure culture from symptomatic plants of , , (marketed as ""), Myrtuscommunissubsp.tarentina, and M.communisvar.

Fungi as mutualistic partners in ant-plant interactions.

Associations between fungi and ants living in mutualistic relationship with plants ("plant-ants") have been known for a long time. However, only in recent years has the mutualistic nature, frequency, and geographical extent of associations between tropical arboreal ants with fungi of the ascomycete order Chaetothyriales and Capnodiales (belonging to the so-called "Black Fungi") become clear. Two groups of arboreal ants displaying different nesting strategies are associated with ascomycete fungi: carton-building ants that construct nest walls and galleries on stems, branches or below leaves which are overgrown by fungal hyphae, and plant-ants that make their nests inside living plants (myrmecophytes) in plant provided cavities (domatia) where ants cultivate fungi in small delimited "patches".

Redisposition of apiosporous genera Induratia and Muscodor in the Xylariales, following the discovery of an authentic strain of Induratia apiospora.

Background: The genus Induratia is based on Induratia apiospora, a xylarialean pyrenomycete from New Zealand with clypeate uniperitheciate stromata, hyaline apiospores and a nodulisporium-like anamorph. However, because of the lack of DNA data from the generic type, its phylogenetic affinities have remained unresolved. Recently, two fungal species with teleomorphs strikingly similar to Induratia were discovered in Thailand.

Diversity of Species from Fagaceous Leaf Spots in China and Pathogenicity for Chinese Chestnut.

Pestalotioid fungi have been frequently studied with respect to their morphology, molecular phylogeny, and pathogenicity. is a pestalotioid genus that is morphologically characterized by 5-celled conidia with single apical and basal appendages. In the present study, fungal isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of hosts in China in 2016 to 2021 and identified based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the 5.

Note on the genus (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran.

In a survey of xylarialean fungi in northern Iran, some specimens attributable to the genus were collected, cultured and sequenced. Morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, LSU, and gene dataset confirmed the presence of and in Iran for the first time. Furthermore, the new species , which shows similarities to and its putative synonym , but significantly differs from the latter in its DNA sequences, was encountered.

Exo- and endophytic fungi enable rapid transfer of nutrients from ant waste to orchid tissue.

The epiphytic orchid Caularthron bilamellatum sacrifices its water storage tissue for nutrients from the waste of ants lodging inside its hollow pseudobulb. Here, we investigate whether fungi are involved in the rapid translocation of nutrients. Uptake was analysed with a N labelling experiment, subsequent isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS and NanoSIMS).

Alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes in Austria: an annotated checklist (2nd edition).

Unlabelled: Fungal invasions can have far-reaching consequences, and despite increasing relevance, fungi are notoriously underrepresented in invasion science. Here, we present the second annotated checklist for alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes in Austria. This list contains 375 taxa of which 278 are classified as established; compared to the first checklist from 2002, this amounts to an almost five-fold increase and the number of decade-wise first records is steadily rising since the mid-twentieth century.

Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria.

Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term 'de-extinction' is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of 'extinct in the wild' species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate.

Morphology and Phylogeny of (, ) from Leaves in China.

is a family of flowering plants widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Species of are well-known agents of leaf spot diseases, but targeted sampling on is still missing. To determine the diversity of species associated with leaf spot in China, investigations were conducted in the main areas of distribution from 2016 to 2021.

sp. nov. and Causing Stem Lesion and Dieback on Avocado Plants in Italy.

Avocado () represents an important emerging tropical crop in Italy, especially in the southern regions. In this study, young plants of avocado showing symptoms of stem and wood lesion, and dieback, were investigated. Isolations from symptomatic tissues consistently yielded colonies of -like species.

Two new species of (, ) associated with tree cankers in the Netherlands.

(, ) is a common fungal genus inhabiting plant tissues as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. Some species are reported from tree branches associated with canker diseases. In the present study, samples were collected from , and in Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Morphology and Phylogeny of (, ) from Leaves in China.

(, ) is a well-classified genus inhabiting leaves, branches and fruits of the hosts in three plant families, namely , and . In the present study, eighteen isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of hosts collected from Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Jiangxi and Shaanxi provinces in China. Morphology from the cultures and phylogeny based on the 5.

Resolution of the Complex (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) and Discovery and Biological Characterization of Two of Its Prominent Secondary Metabolites.

a large, cosmopolitan genus of Ascomycota is in the focus of our current poly-thetic taxonomic studies, and served as an excellent source for bioactive secondary metabolites at the same time. The present work concerns a survey of the species complex based on specimens from Iran and Europe by morphological studies and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and diode array detection (HPLC-MS-DAD). Apart from known chemotaxonomic markers like binaphthalene tetrol (BNT) and daldinin F, two unprece-dented molecules were detected and subsequently isolated to purity by semi preparative HPLC.

and (Cenangiaceae) are closest relatives: phylogenetic relationships, morphology and a new species.

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene matrix of partial nuSSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, , and sequences and by morphological evidence, the genus is shown to be the closest relative of , and confirmed to be a member of the Cenangiaceae (Leotiomycetes). While and share many traits like similar conidia, conidiogenesis, asci and ascospores, their apothecia differ particularly in excipular features and are therefore recognized as distinct genera. , described from North America, is excluded from the genus but shown to represent the sexual morph of the European , and it is therefore synonymized with the latter.

Discovery of a new species of the complex from Iran and antagonistic activities of spp. against the Ash Dieback pathogen, , in dual culture.

During a survey of xylarialean fungi in Northern Iran, several specimens that showed affinities to the complex were collected and cultured. A comparison of their morphological characters, combined with a chemotaxonomic study based on high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/MS) and a multi-locus phylogeny based on ITS, LSU, and DNA sequences, revealed a new species here described as . In addition, was also encountered.

The genus (Diaporthales).

The genus (Melanconidaceae, Diaporthales) in the strict sense is here re-evaluated regarding phylogenetic structure, taxonomy, distribution and ecology. Using a matrix of sequences from ITS, LSU, , , and , eight species are recognised and their phylogenetic positions are determined. Based on phylogenetic, morphological and geographical differentiation, is subdivided into four subspecies.

, a new leaf-inhabiting scolecosporous genus in Xylariaceae.

Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, the new genus (Xylariales) is established for several species previously classified within (Diaporthales). Fresh collections of from dead overwintered leaves of and of from dead overwintered leaves of , , and were isolated in pure culture, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multi-locus matrix of partial nuITS-LSU rDNA, and sequences as well as morphological investigations revealed that both species are unrelated to the diaporthalean genus , but belong to Xylariaceae sensu stricto. The new combinations and are proposed, the species are described and illustrated, and their basionyms lecto- and epitypified.

Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 5.

Thirteen new species are formally described: from Pakistan, from India, on from Iran, from China, on species of , , and (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, on (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, on (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, from Slovenia, from Peru, from China, on from Italy, from , on subsp. from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: on from India; on apple and quince fruits from Iran; from Turkey; and on from Italy; causing tip blight of '' from India; from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; , , and from Russia; on from India; on from Italy; on from Austria; from Turkey; from Wisconsin, USA; and from Turkey.

European species of (Diaporthales).

European species of the genus (Erythrogloeaceae, Diaporthales) occurring on and spp. based on freshly collected material are presented. Using a matrix of sequences from ITS, LSU, , and , five species are recognized, and their phylogenetic positions are determined.