Olfactory receptors impact pathophysiological processes of lung diseases in bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are limited. Bronchial epithelial cells are key in the pathogenesis by releasing the central proinflammatory cytokine interleukine-8 (IL-8). Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in various cell types.

Treatment with -derived VacA attenuates allergic airway disease.

Background: Asthma is an incurable heterogeneous disease with variations in clinical and underlying immunological phenotype. New approaches could help to support existing therapy concepts. Neonatal infection of mice with or administration of -derived extracts or molecules after birth have been shown to prevent the development of allergic airway disease later in life.

Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Vascularization and Ciliation in Airway Mucosa Tri-Culture Models .

Patients suffering from irresectable tracheal stenosis often face limited treatment options associated with low quality of life. To date, an optimal tracheal replacement strategy does not exist. A tissue-engineered tracheal substitute promises to overcome limitations such as implant vascularization, functional mucociliary clearance and mechanical stability.

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulate Kinase Activity in Mesothelioma Cell Lines via Paracrine Signaling and Thereby Dictate Cell Faith and Behavior.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has an infaust prognosis due to resistance to systemic treatment with platin-analoga. MPM cells modulate the immune response to their benefit. They release proinflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-ß, awakening resting fibrocytes that switch their phenotype into activated fibroblasts.

Differential interferon-α subtype induced immune signatures are associated with suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Type I interferons (IFN-I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, balancing virus control versus immune-mediated pathologies, and have been successfully employed for the treatment of viral diseases. Humans express 12 IFN-alpha (α) subtypes, which activate downstream signaling cascades and result in distinct patterns of immune responses and differential antiviral responses. Inborn errors in IFN-I immunity and the presence of anti-IFN autoantibodies account for very severe courses of COVID-19; therefore, early administration of IFN-I may be protective against life-threatening disease.