Occurrence, dissemination, and inactivation technologies of pathogens in the process of common solid waste treatment and disposal.

Solid waste is an important source of pathogens. During the process of collection, transportation, and treatment, pathogens may spread through direct contact, aerosol transmission, leachate discharge, and waste-derived by-products, posing threats to human health and ecological environment. The types and abundance of pathogens vary across different waste types and treatment methods.