How Does the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration/Transbronchial Biopsy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions Differ With and Without a Guide Sheath?

Background: The diagnostic yield of virtual bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) remains unsatisfactory because of limited lesion access by biopsy instruments. r-EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) followed by transbronchial biopsy (TBB) (TBNA/TBB) with a guide sheath (GS) potentially increases the PPL diagnostic yield as the needle penetrates the bronchial wall, enabling subsequent forceps biopsy closer to the lesion. However, regarding the application of r-EBUS-guided TBNA/TBB for PPL diagnosis, data on the diagnostic yield of TBNA/TBB with a GS are limited compared with those on TBNA/TBB without a GS.

Inhalation of molecular hydrogen increases breath acetone excretion during submaximal exercise: a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Aerobic exercise is widely accepted as a beneficial option for reducing fat in humans. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H) augments mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the hypothesis that inhaling H could facilitate lipid metabolism during aerobic exercise was investigated in the current study by measuring the breath acetone levels, which could be used as non-invasive indicators of lipid metabolism.

Dramatic response to nivolumab after local radiotherapy in pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with rapid progressive post-surgical recurrence.

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is resistant to anticancer drug treatment, outcomes are poor, and no standard therapy has been established. High PD-L1 expression has been found in PPCs, suggesting the possible efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in cancer immunotherapy; however, this approach requires further investigation through case accumulation. Herein, we report a case of rapid recurrence and progression of PPC early after surgery in a 70-year-old male ex-smoker.

Sudden Death Due to Recent Hemorrhage From an Intrathoracic Chronic Expanding Hematoma.

Chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) is a rare disease that can develop in any region of the body, but it most frequently develops in the thorax. When intrathoracic CEH is left untreated, gradually expanding hematoma can be life-threatening, leading to respiratory failure or hemoptysis. We encountered an 89-year-old man with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival.