Urinoma: a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.

Urinoma or para-renal pseudocyst generally occurs as a result of trauma to the pelvi-ureteric system. It consists of an encapsulated collection of extravasated urine and is usually located in the peri-renal space or more uncommonly in the peritoneal, pleural or mediastinal cavities. There is only one previously reported case of urinoma secondary to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery.

Drug treatment of overactive bladder: efficacy, cost and quality-of-life considerations.

Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome has been recognised by the International Continence Society as an important symptom syndrome that affects millions of people worldwide. Quality of life is affected in most people with OAB; however, the aetiology is unknown. Some researchers suggest that it is because of a damage to central inhibitory pathways or sensitisation of peripheral afferent terminals in the bladder, others suggest that it is a bladder muscle problem; the reality is probably a spectrum encompassing these two main explanations.