Night Eating Syndrome and Associated Psychosocial Health Profile among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Central India.

Introduction: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a distinct psychopathological entity variously considered as a mental health disorder, eating disorder or circadian rhythm disorder. Medical students are faced with hectic schedules, sleep interruptions and high-stakes exams as they become healthcare providers. Such social factors coupled with poor dietary practices may impact their mental health and biological clocks, leading to NES amongst this population.

Peritoneal Dialysis -Associated Fibrosis: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) requires a healthy and functional peritoneal membrane for adequate ultrafiltration and fluid balance, making it a vital treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The spectrum of PD-associated peritoneal fibrosis encompasses a diverse range of collective mechanisms: peritoneal fibrogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), peritonitis, angiogenesis, sub-mesothelial immune cells infiltration, and collagen deposition in the sub-mesothelial compact zone of the membrane that accompany deteriorating membrane function. In this narrative review, we summarize the repertoire of current knowledge about the structure, function, and pathophysiology of the peritoneal membrane, focusing on biomolecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that potentiate the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis.

Aging-Driven Immunosuppression: The Role of Tregs in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) incidence and mortality increase with age, driven in part by chronic inflammation, diminished T cell output, and heightened regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression. In aged EOC-bearing mice, we observed reduced survival, accompanied by impaired CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T cell responses and a marked expansion of FOXP3⁺ Tregs exhibiting elevated IL-10 and TGFβ expression. Metabolic profiling revealed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in Tregs from aged mice, along with a fivefold increase in intracellular succinate levels.

Occupational factors and mental health outcomes among professional food handlers: A scoping review protocol.

Background: Occupational mental health is a growing global concern, particularly in high-demand service industries. Food handlers -such as chefs, kitchen staff, and waiters-often work under physically and emotionally demanding conditions, including long hours, low autonomy, verbal aggression, and customer-facing stress. Studies suggest they face an elevated risk of mental health disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Enhancing the CuAAC efficiency of a Cu(I)-NHC complex in biological media by encapsulation.

A novel [(NHC)Cu]Br (Cu(I)-NHC) complex promotes CuAAC reactions in organic solvents, water, buffers and even complex biological media in good yields. Encapsulation of the Cu catalyst in an amphiphilic polymer enhances its performance in complex media, increases catalyst stability in the presence of glutathione and reduces cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.

Targeting mitochondrial metabolism with CPI-613 in chemoresistant ovarian tumors.

Background: There is evidence indicating that chemoresistance in tumor cells is mediated by the reconfiguration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to heightened mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Previously, we have shown that ovarian cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy display increased OXPHOS, mitochondrial function, and metabolic flexibility. To exploit this weakness in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells, we examined the effectiveness of the mitochondrial inhibitor CPI-613 in treating preclinical ovarian cancer.

Intracellular peroxynitrite perturbs redox balance, bioenergetics, and Fe-S cluster homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to tolerate nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O) produced by phagocytes contributes to its success as a human pathogen. Recombination of NO and O generates peroxynitrite (ONOO), a potent oxidant produced inside activated macrophages causing lethality in diverse organisms. While the response of Mtb toward NO and O is well established, how Mtb responds to ONOO remains unclear.

Unravelling the role of Sildenafil and SB204741 in suppressing fibrotic potential of peritoneal fibroblasts obtained from PD patients.

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) results in technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritoneal fibroblasts are characterized by increase in the ACTA2 gene, responsible for alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SΜΑ), extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and inflammatory cytokines production, which are the are key mediators in the pathogenesis of PF. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) induces ECM synthesis in fibroblasts in a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) dependent manner.

MRI and CT Appearances in Various Cardiac Tumours.

While primary cardiac malignancies are infrequent, the heart often serves as a site for metastases. Myxomas are recognized as among the most prevalent primary benign tumours globally, while sarcomas represent the most common malignant primary tumours. The diverse range of potential clinical presentations depends on factors such as location, size, and the aggressiveness of the disease.

Converging Epidemics: A Narrative Review of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection.

Tuberculosis (TB), primarily caused by (MTB), remains a leading cause of mortality in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, posing a significant strain on healthcare systems. Coinfection of HIV and TB results in a mutually advantageous relationship that accelerates the progression of both diseases. TB is a major contributor to mortality in individuals with HIV.

Tonsillitis and Sinusitis: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.

The review aims for a comprehensive examination of tonsillitis and sinusitis, covering their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, with a focus on recent breakthroughs and therapeutic practices. Tonsillitis, marked by inflammation of the tonsils, can result from viral or bacterial infections, particularly , with attention to antibiotic resistance trends. This review discusses clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and the importance of distinguishing viral from bacterial causes.

Clinical metabolomics by NMR revealed serum metabolic signatures for differentiating sarcoidosis from tuberculosis.

Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis (SAR) and tuberculosis (TB) are two granulomatous lung-diseases and often pose a diagnostic challenge to a treating physicians.

Objective: The present study aims to explore the diagnostic potential of NMR based serum metabolomics approach to differentiate SAR from TB.

Materials And Method: The blood samples were obtained from three study groups: SAR (N = 35), TB (N = 28) and healthy normal subjects (NC, N = 56) and their serum metabolic profiles were measured using 1D H CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) NMR spectra recorded at 800 MHz NMR spectrometer.

Immunotherapy Enhancement by Targeting Extracellular Tumor pH in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mouse Model.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, is characterized by a poor prognosis and a very low rate of disease-free and overall survival. In recent years, immunotherapeutic approaches targeting T cell checkpoint molecules, such as cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death1 (PD-1) or its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have shown great potential and have been used to treat various cancers as single therapies or in combination with other modalities. However, despite this remarkable progress, patients with TNBC have shown a low response rate to this approach, commonly developing resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, leading to treatment failure.

Intermittent fasting induced ketogenesis inhibits mouse epithelial ovarian cancer by promoting antitumor T cell response.

In various cancer models, dietary interventions have been shown to inhibit tumor growth, improve anticancer drug efficacy, and enhance immunity, but no such evidence exists for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The anticancer immune responses induced by 16-h intermittent fasting (IF) were studied in mice with EOC. IF consistently reduced metabolic growth factors and cytokines that stimulate tumor growth, creating a tumor-hostile environment.

Exploring the Relation Between Diabetes and HIV: A Narrative Review.

Diabetes mellitus, more usually abbreviated as DM or just diabetes, is a devastating metabolic disorder that claims many lives every year. Due to various variables, including the aging of the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-infected population and the high prevalence of chronic medical conditions among persons living with HIV, the crossroads of DM and HIV infection has become a significant research topic. Although the connection between HIV and diabetes is not simple, many aspects of the virus and its treatment have been connected to the onset of diabetes.

Intermittent Fasting induced ketogenesis inhibits mouse epithelial ovarian tumors by promoting anti-tumor T cell response.

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer with limited genetic alterations identified that can be therapeutically targeted. In tumor bearing mice, short-term fasting, fasting mimicking diet and calorie restriction enhance the activity of antineoplastic treatment by modulating systemic metabolism and boosting anti-tumor immunity. We tested the outcome of sixteen-hour intermittent fasting (IF) on mouse EOC progression with focus on fasting driven antitumor immune responses.

Peripheral T helper subset profiling in idiopathic inflammatory myositis: Proof of concept.

Introduction: There is a dearth of biomarkers in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) to recognize ongoing muscle inflammation and distinguish damage from activity. Since IIM is an autoantibody-mediated disease with tertiary lymphoid organogenesis reported in the diseased muscles, we aimed to study the peripheral blood T helper (Th) subset profiling as a plausible reflection of ongoing muscle inflammation.

Methods: Fifty-six patients of IIM were compared with 21 healthy controls (HC) and 18 patients with sarcoidosis.

Response Guided Slow Infusion of Albumin, Vasoconstrictors and Furosemide Improves Ascites Mobilization and Survival in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background And Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) with increasing organ failure is associated with poor outcomes. Severely deranged systemic hemodynamics and decreased effective arterial blood volume contribute to tissue damage and organ failure. Response-guided therapy with albumin, vasoconstrictors, and furosemide may help overcome effective hypovolemia, improve diuresis and impact survival.

Utility of neutrophil CD64 in distinguishing bacterial infection from inflammation in severe alcoholic hepatitis fulfilling SIRS criteria.

To assess utility of neutrophilCD64 (nCD64) expression in differentiating bacterial infection from inflammation in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) fulfilling systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. Patients with SAH and infection (n = 58), SAH without infection (n = 70), and healthy controls (n = 20) were included. Neutrophil CD64 expression by flowcytometry, serum Procalcitonin (ELISA) and C-reactive protein (Nephelometry) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were studied.

Overexpression of P-glycoprotein and MRP-1 are pharmacogenomic biomarkers to determine steroid resistant phenotype in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Steroid remains the keystone therapy for Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (NS). Besides genetic factors and histological changes, pharmacogenomic factors also affect the steroid response. The upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1) modulate the pharmacokinetics of steroids and may contribute to steroid resistance.

Distinct T-cell immunophenotypic signature in a subset of sarcoidosis patients with arthritis.

Background: The objective of the study was to assess T-cell subsets in sarcoidosis patients with or without articular involvement.

Methods: Treatment-naïve patients were divided into Group A (articular) and Group B (non-articular) based on joint involvement. Flow cytometric analysis of T-cell subsets and pro-in˜flammatory cytokines were carried out in the peripheral blood.

Role of P-gp and HDAC2 and their Reciprocal Relationship in Uncontrolled Asthma.

Introduction: Resistance to corticosteroid is an essential mechanism in uncontrolled asthma as the corticosteroid is the mainstay of therapy. There are recent reports that epigenetic factors play a crucial role in the regulation of steroid action. Overexpression of P glycoprotein (P-gp) and reduced expression of Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) have been linked to regulating the steroid action in other diseases like Nephrotic Syndrome (NS).

Steroid Responsiveness in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Predictive Value of Epigenetic Regulator Histone Deacetylase 2.

Objective: To find the role of an epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase (HDAC-2) in predicting steroid responsiveness in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from three milliliters of venous blood sample of patients with DMD for estimation of HDAC-2 levels. The patients were then given prednisolone at 0.

Reciprocal Relationship Between HDAC2 and P-Glycoprotein/MRP-1 and Their Role in Steroid Resistance in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Reduced HDACs levels have been reported in steroid resistant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma patients. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) over expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been reported in patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS). Whether and how HDACs and P-gp are linked with each other is not clear, especially in NS patients.

Photocontrolled endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

A cell-permeable small molecule for light-triggered generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reported.