The Effects of Mitochondrial Transplantation on Sepsis Depend on the Type of Cell from Which They Are Isolated.

Previously, we have shown that mitochondrial transplantation in the sepsis model has immune modulatory effects. The mitochondrial function could have different characteristics dependent on cell types. Here, we investigated whether the effects of mitochondrial transplantation on the sepsis model could be different depending on the cell type, from which mitochondria were isolated.

Serial Change of Endotoxin Tolerance in a Polymicrobial Sepsis Model.

Immune suppression is known to occur during sepsis. Endotoxin tolerance is considered a mechanism of immune suppression in sepsis. However, the timing and serial changes in endotoxin tolerance have not been fully investigated.

Effects of Glucocorticoid Therapy on Sepsis Depend Both on the Dose of Steroids and on the Severity and Phase of the Animal Sepsis Model.

Steroids are currently being used in sepsis, particularly in septic shock. However, clinical trials to date have shown contradictory results. This could be attributed to the different patient endotypes and steroid doses, which have also contributed to the inconclusive results.

Extracellular Vesicles Released from Neprilysin Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Enhance Therapeutic Effects in an Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects; however, clinical trial results are controversial. Neprilysin (NEP) is the main cleavage enzyme of -amyloid (A), which plays a major role in the pathology and etiology of AD. We evaluated whether transplantation of MSCs with NEP gene modification enhances the therapeutic effects in an AD animal model and then investigated these pathomechanisms.

The Need of Enterococcal Coverage in Severe Intra-Abdominal Infection: Evidence from Animal Study.

Intra-abdominal infection (IAI) is a common and important cause of infectious mortality in intensive care units. Adequate source control and appropriate antimicrobial regimens are key in the management of IAI. In community-acquired IAI, guidelines recommend the use of different antimicrobial regimens according to severity.

The immune modulatory effects of mitochondrial transplantation on cecal slurry model in rat.

Background: Sepsis has a high mortality rate, but no specific drug has been proven effective, prompting the development of new drugs. Immunologically, sepsis can involve hyperinflammation, immune paralysis, or both, which might pose challenges during drug development. Recently, mitochondrial transplantation has emerged as a treatment modality for various diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction, but it has never been tested for sepsis.

Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Acute Liver Injury and Survival in a Rat Cecal Slurry Peritonitis Model.

Background: The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in sepsis remain unclear. This study evaluated its effects on acute liver injury and survival in a rat model.

Methods: Cecal slurry peritonitis was induced in male rats, which were then randomly allocated into the HBOT and control groups.

Ultrasound-activated particles as CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system for androgenic alopecia therapy.

Compared to a plasmid, viral, and other delivery systems, direct Cas9/sgRNA protein delivery has several advantages such as low off-targeting effects and non-integration, but it still has limitations due to low transfer efficiency. As such, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is being developed in combination with nano-carrier technology to enhance delivery efficiency and biocompatibility. We designed a microbubble-nanoliposomal particle as a Cas9/sgRNA riboprotein complex carrier, which effectively facilitates local delivery to a specific site when agitated by ultrasound activation.

Lecithin nano-liposomal particle as a CRISPR/Cas9 complex delivery system for treating type 2 diabetes.

Background: Protein-based Cas9 in vivo gene editing therapeutics have practical limitations owing to their instability and low efficacy. To overcome these obstacles and improve stability, we designed a nanocarrier primarily consisting of lecithin that can efficiently target liver disease and encapsulate complexes of Cas9 with a single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA) ribonucleoprotein (Cas9-RNP) through polymer fusion self-assembly.

Results: In this study, we optimized an sgRNA sequence specifically for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 gene (DPP-4) to modulate the function of glucagon-like peptide 1.

Sustained Release of BMP-2 from Porous Particles with Leaf-Stacked Structure for Bone Regeneration.

Sustained release of bioactive molecules from delivery systems is a common strategy for ensuring their prolonged bioactivity and for minimizing safety issues. However, residual toxic reagents, the use of harsh organic solvents, and complex fabrication procedures in conventional delivery systems are considered enormous impediments toward clinical use. Herein, we describe bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-immobilized porous polycaprolactone particles with unique leaf-stacked structures (LSS particles) prepared using clinically feasible materials and procedures.

Effect of porous polycaprolactone beads on bone regeneration: preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies.

Background: For the effective bone regeneration with appropriate pathological/physiological properties, a variety of bone fillers have been adapted as a therapeutic treatment. However, the development of ideal bone fillers is still remained as a big challenge in clinical practice. The main aims of this study are i) fabrication of a highly porous PCL beads; and ii) the estimation of the potential use of the porous PCL beads as a bone filler through preliminary animal study.