GC-MS and HPLC chemical profile, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-diabetic activities of Libyan Salvia lanigera herb extract and essential oil.

The current study explored the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil and ethanol extract of Salvia lanigera collected from Libya. The ethanol extract obtained from the wild growing S. lanigera was evaluated for the chemical composition via high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), which demonstrated phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Aromatic Volatile Compounds of Essential Oils: Distribution, Chemical Perspective, Biological Activity, and Clinical Applications.

Volatile, or essential, oils are the principal odorous components of certain plant species and constitute aliphatic and aromatic compounds in the oils' natural mix. The aromatic compounds are present in significant proportions in the oils of several plant species, usually referred to as aromatic plants, and hence the aromatic essential oils. These aromatic classes of compounds are abundant in oils of cloves, thyme, wintergreen, etc.

Rosemary reduced estrogen receptor (ESR1) protein mediated cycle arrest and apoptosis: A potential hormonal dependent anticancer mechanism of the plant in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is a global health issue, driving the development of various treatment methods, including anticancer drugs. The unfavorable side effects of these medicines, especially in targeting hormones, have increased interest in naturally occurring therapy options due to their potential for many targets and less side effects. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) extract may treat breast cancer naturally.

Cognitive impairment and risk of dementia in heart failure: the exuberating role of digoxin.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with a wide range of presentations due to functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. HF may induce the development of cognitive impairment and increased risk of dementia. HF frequently coexists with cognitive impairments in about 40-60% of elderly patients.

Bioactivity and Nanoformulation of Essential Oils: Implications for Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Applications.

This study explored the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils by developing nanoemulsions from leaf and fruit oils using low-energy emulsification. The resulting stable nanoemulsions exhibited particle sizes of 215.3 and 250.

Synthesis and docking of new Schiff-bases bearing urea as promising dual α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Aims: To synthesise and evaluate new amino biaryl-urea ( and Schiff base urea derivatives () for their in vitro antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

Materials And Methods: A series of Schiff base urea derivatives were synthesised through a two-step procedure: condensation of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine with isocyanates to form amino biaryl-urea derivatives (), followed by reaction with 2-hydroxy-naphthaldehyde. The new compounds were characterized using H and C NMR, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry.

The potential role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in Alzheimer's disease: Protective or detrimental.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the old-age population worldwide. AD is a progressive brain neurodegenerative disease due to genetic and environmental factors that induce the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein and extracellular amyloid protein (Aβ). Particularly, cholinergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are mainly affected in AD, resulting in cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction.

Targeting of inflammation and prostaglandins by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in schizophrenia: A narrative review.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by psychotic symptoms. The mesolimibic system's exaggeration of dopaminergic and reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmissions contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs are a mainstay in the management of schizophrenia, though 30 % of schizophrenic cases do not respond to the effects of antipsychotics.

The Effect of Metformin on Astrocytes in Parkinson's Disease: Challenges and Opportunities.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that represents the most common movement disorder in old-age subjects. The development of PD neuropathology is due to the progressive accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Moreover, astrocytes are intricate in the pathogenesis of PD that has neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in PD by releasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators.

Targeting the JAK/STAT3/SOCS signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD is related to the progressive neuronal apoptosis due to the advanced accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. The accumulation of Aβ and NFTs in AD is affected by diverse signaling pathways, such as Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), which are involved in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Precise structure manipulation of selective estrogen receptor modulators led to first-in-class thiophene-3-benzamide derivatives as potential ER-antagonists without uterotrophic activity.

The present study introduces two sets of compounds: panel A, which features thiophene-3-benzamide, and panel B, which includes pyrazole-4-benzamide. We designed these compounds to target estrogen receptors (ER) while minimizing uterotrophic activities. The chemical structures of the two panels have been derived from structural modifications of the selective estrogen modulator, methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP).

Potential Application of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles for Coating of Urinary Catheter.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections related to catheters are one of the most common urinary infections and can affect patient outcomes. Hence, coating urinary catheters is an important issue against several resistant bacterial pathogens that can form a resistant biofilm. This study examined the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of the coated catheter with green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made from .

The Extensive Study of Magnesium Deficiency, 25-(OH) Vitamin D3, Inflammatory Markers, and Parathyroid Hormone in Relation to Bone Mineral Density in Iraqi Osteoporosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Backgrounds And Aims: Magnesium is essential for bone development and mineralization and may influence osteoporosis progression. However, its relationship with low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk is not well understood. This study aimed to identify the primary risk factors and the effect of magnesium deficiency on bone density in osteoporosis patients.

Bacteriocin isolated from Ralstonia mannitolilytica and bacteriocin-capped silver nanoparticles: Comparative effects on biofilm formation and LuxS Gene's expressions by Proteus mirabilis as an approach to counter MDR catheter infection.

Among undesirables in treating certain infections and diseases is the contamination of catheters, especially of the microbes' resistance to drugs. The situation has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Bacteriocin category, antibiotic-originate, peptide-natured, Ralstonia mannitolilytica microbes-produced, bacteriocin material, and the semi-pure bacteriocin capped silver metal nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used for combating the MDR (multi drug resistance) organism, Proteus mirabilis, which is the third-most common cause of UTI (urinary tract infection), and that is linked to catheter use, are being recommended for clinical use with certain development.

Targeting of AMPK/MTOR signaling in the management of atherosclerosis: Outmost leveraging.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disorder that is characterized by the thickening and narrowing of arteries due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The traditional risk factors involved in AS are obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking. Furthermore, non-traditional risk factors for AS, such as inflammation, sleep disturbances, physical inactivity, air pollution, and alterations of gut microbiota, gained attention in relation to the pathogenesis of AS.

Benzimidazole(s): synthons, bioactive lead structures, total synthesis, and the profiling of major bioactive categories.

Benzimidazole, a fused bicyclic compound with benzene and pentacyclic 1,3-diazole moeities, has a simple aromatic heterocyclic structure. The moiety has become an indispensable anchor for the development of new pharmacologically active products, and has yielded several therapeutic agents with anticancer, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiulcer effects. Benzimidazoles, as synthetically feasible and pharmacophoric synthons, have been relentlessly pursued for the preparation of new analogues and derivatives, and they have successfully developed into some of the most sought-after and vital pharmacophores for drug discovery.

Insight into the Mechanistic role of Colchicine in Atherosclerosis.

Purpose Of Review: Globally, the prevalence of atherosclerosis (AS) is rising. Currently, there is no specific drug for AS. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the protective mechanisms of colchicine against the development and progression of atherosclerosis (AS).

Role of RhoA-ROCK signaling inhibitor fasudil in Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative brain disease linked with the development of dementia. AD neuropathology is characterized by the progressive accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Different signaling pathways are involved in AD neuropathology through modulation of Aβ formation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation.

Efficacy of alginate-coated gold nanoparticles against antibiotics-resistant and pathogens of acne origins.

Acne is a serious multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to significant and long-lasting changes. The widespread occurrence of bacterial acne and the excessive use of antibiotics to treat it have increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and led researchers to seek and develop newer antimicrobial agents suitable for various medical purposes. In this study, alginate-coated gold nanoparticles (GANPs), synthesized by the previously reported known method, using sodium alginate and gold salt, investigated the efficacy of the GANPs against various clinical isolates of , i.

Amyloid-β and heart failure in Alzheimer's disease: the new vistas.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and represents 75% of all dementia types. AD neuropathology is due to the progressive deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta (A) peptide and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The accumulated Aβ forms amyloid plaques, while the hyperphosphorylated tau protein forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs).

Phytochemical analysis, bioactivity, and molecular docking studies of Myrtus communis L. seeds and fruit peel extracts demonstrating antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties.

Myrtus communis L, is an edible medicinal plant with fruit berries used to manufacture liquors, aromatise wine, and sweet foods, beside several folk-medicinal uses. The plant is also endemic to Libya, holds promise for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, and appetising effects. This work aims to explore the phytoconstituents present in the seeds and fruit peels of Myrtus communis L by GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS analysis, respectively.

Beyond amyloid plaque, targeting α-synuclein in Alzheimer disease: The battle continues.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative brain disease and represents the most frequent type of dementia characterized by cognitive impairment and amnesia. AD neuropathology is connected to the development of synaptic dysfunction and loss of synaptic homeostasis due to an imbalance in the production and clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, AD neuropathology is complex and may relate to the deposition of other misfolded proteins, such as alpha-synuclein (α-Syn).

Soluble starch nanoparticles loaded with Gefitinib for treating lung cancer: Optimization and cytotoxicity assessment.

Lung cancer (LC) represents a catastrophically huge problem and it is a worldwide issue that has to be resolved. There is a declining confidence in classic cancer treatments as they lack selectivity, spur widespread harm, and exacerbate the suffering of LC patients. The poor solubility and extensive cell damage of Gefitinib limit its use in treating LC.

The role of autophagy in Graves disease: knowns and unknowns.

Graves disease (GD), an autoimmune disease affects the thyroid gland, results in hyperthyroidisms and goiter. The main cause of GD is not clearly defined; however, stimulating autoantibodies for thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) are the primary proposed mechanism. The TSI activation of TSHRs of thyroid gland results in excessive release of thyroid hormones with the subsequent development of hyperthyroidism and goiter.

Alterations in the Processing of Platelet APP (Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein) in Alzheimer Disease: The Possible Nexus.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease associated with the development of dementia. The hallmarks of AD neuropathology are accumulations of amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Aβ is derived from the processing of APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) by BACE1 (beta-secretase 1) and γ-secretase through an amyloidogenic pathway.