J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
June 2019
Anatol J Cardiol
February 2019
Objective: Bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a proinflammatory cytokine which is controlled by BMP-4 antagonists. Our aim was to investigate the levels of BMP-4 and its antagonists, noggin and matrix Gla protein (MGP), in prediabetes and diabetes.
Design: One hundred and forty-two type 2 diabetic, 32 prediabetic, and 58 control subjects participated in this cross-sectional study.