Latent infection of Caenorhabditis elegans by Orsay virus induces age-dependent immunity and cross-protection.

The C. elegans-Orsay virus pathosystem provides a powerful model for investigating the mechanisms that govern viral infection and immunity. Here, we focus on two key aspects of this interaction: the impact of lifelong latent infections and the dynamics of superinfection.

Overexpression of the Receptor-Like Kinase BIR1 Causes SOBIR1- and EDS1-Dependent Cell Death Phenotypes in Arabidopsis.

The receptor-like kinase BAK1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 (BIR1) negatively regulates multiple resistance signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies showed that loss of BIR1 function causes extensive cell death and constitutive activation of immune responses. Using a dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible system, we investigated the effects of BIR1 overexpression on plant development and immunity.

Obese-diabetic female knockout mice develop brittle bones near end of life.

The influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the skeleton is complex, with affected individuals having higher fracture risk despite having higher BMD. To evaluate how obesity and T2D affect skeletal health, we studied mice with disruption of a gene that regulates energy intake and expenditure, , which results in reduced metabolic rate and severe insulin resistance in both mice and a subpopulation of humans. Relative to 28-wk-old littermate sibling controls, mutants weighed more than double the body and fat weight.

Almond Grafting for Plum Pox Virus Resistance Triggers Significant Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Shifts in Peaches.

Sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (PPV), negatively impacts stone fruit production, resulting in economic losses. It has been demonstrated that grafting the almond ( (Miller) D.A.

Radiocarpal Fracture Dislocation: Minimally Invasive Treatment Assisted by Arthoscopic - Case Report.

To measure the life quality, clinical-functional outcomes of a patient who had undergone acute reconstruction of radio scapho capitate (RSC), radio lunate (RLL) ligaments, using brachiorradialis tendon in treatment of radiocarpal fracture dislocation. 21-years-old, man with radiocarpal fracture dislocation in his left wrist, after motorcycle accident. Percutaneous screw fixation of the distal radius and acute reconstruction of the RSC and RLL was performed, assisted by arthroscopy.

A multispecies study reveals the diversity and potential regulatory role of long noncoding RNAs in cucurbits.

Plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit features such as tissue-specific expression, spatiotemporal regulation, and stress responsiveness. Although diverse studies support the regulatory role of lncRNAs in model plants, our knowledge about lncRNAs in crops is limited. We employ a custom pipeline on a dataset of over 1000 RNA-seq samples across nine representative species of the family Cucurbitaceae to predict 91 209 nonredundant lncRNAs.

Evaluation of Potential Roles of Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (Zfhx3) Expressed in Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts on Skeletal Growth in Mice.

Bone formation is tightly modulated by genetically encoded molecular proteins that interact to regulate cellular differentiation and secretion of bony matrix. Many transcription factors are known to coordinate these events by controlling gene transcription within networks. However, not all factors involved are known.

Pooled Cohort Profile: ReCoDID Consortium's Harmonized Acute Febrile Illness Arbovirus Meta-Cohort.

Infectious disease (ID) cohorts are key to advancing public health surveillance, public policies, and pandemic responses. Unfortunately, ID cohorts often lack funding to store and share clinical-epidemiological (CE) data and high-dimensional laboratory (HDL) data long term, which is evident when the link between these data elements is not kept up to date. This becomes particularly apparent when smaller cohorts fail to successfully address the initial scientific objectives due to limited case numbers, which also limits the potential to pool these studies to monitor long-term cross-disease interactions within and across populations.

Hop stunt viroid infection induces heterochromatin reorganization.

Viroids are pathogenic noncoding RNAs that completely rely on their host molecular machinery to accomplish their life cycle. Several interactions between viroids and their host molecular machinery have been identified, including interference with epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Despite this, whether viroids influence changes in other epigenetic marks such as histone modifications remained unknown.

Sex-Specific Effects of THRβ Signaling on Metabolic Responses to High Fat Diet in Mice.

Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a crucial role in regulating the functions of both bone and adipose tissue. Given that TH exerts its cholesterol-lowering effects in hepatic tissue through the TH receptor-β (TRβ), we hypothesized that TRβ agonist therapy using MGL3196 (MGL) would be effective in treating increased adiposity and bone loss in response to a 12-week high-fat diet (HFD) in adult C57BL/6J mice. Transcriptional and serum profiling revealed that HFD-induced leptin promoted weight gain in both males and females, but MGL only suppressed leptin induction and weight gain in males.

SARS-CoV-2 remodels the landscape of small non-coding RNAs with infection time and symptom severity.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has significantly impacted global health, stressing the necessity of basic understanding of the host response to this viral infection. In this study, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 remodels the landscape of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) from a large collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples taken at various time points from patients with distinct symptom severity. High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis revealed a global alteration of the sncRNA landscape, with abundance peaks related to species of 21-23 and 32-33 nucleotides.

Does the Recovery of Respiratory Viruses Impact Pulmonary Function at Baseline and 1-, 6-, and 12-Month Follow-Up in People Living with HIV and Pneumonia?

The frequency of respiratory viruses in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their impact on lung function remain unclear. We aimed to determine the frequency of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum samples in PLHIV and correlate their presence with lung function. A prospective cohort of adults hospitalized in Medellín between September 2016 and December 2018 included three groups: group 1 = people diagnosed with HIV and a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), group 2 = HIV, and group 3 = CAP.

The Facial Nerve: Anatomy and Pathology.

The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve and consists of motor, parasympathetic and sensory branches, which arise from the brainstem through 3 different nuclei (1). After leaving the brainstem, the facial nerve divides into 5 intracranial segments (cisternal, canalicular, labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid) and continues as the intraparotid extracranial segment (2). A wide variety of pathologies, including congenital abnormalities, traumatic disorders, infectious and inflammatory disease, and neoplastic conditions, can affect the facial nerve along its pathway and lead to ​​weakness or paralysis of the facial musculature (1,2).

Development of an Animal Model for Traumatic Brain Injury Augmentation of Heterotopic Ossification in Response to Local Injury.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal growth of bone in soft connective tissues that occurs as a frequent complication in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in rare genetic disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind ectopic bone formation in response to TBI is likely to have a significant impact on identification of novel therapeutic targets for HO treatment. In this study, we induced repetitive mild TBI (mTBI) using a weight drop model in mice and then stimulated HO formation via a local injury to the Achilles tendon or fibula.

Lack of Skeletal Effects in Mice with Targeted Disruptionof Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain 1 () Gene Expressed in Chondrocytes.

The critical importance of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)s in the regulation of endochondral bone formation is now well established. HIF protein levels are closely regulated by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD) mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. Of the three PHD family members expressed in bone, we previously showed that mice with conditional disruption of the Phd2 gene in chondrocytes led to a massive increase in the trabecular bone mass of the long bones.

Sequential application of small molecule therapy enhances chondrogenesis and angiogenesis in murine segmental defect bone repair.

The increasing incidence of physiologic/pathologic conditions that impair the otherwise routine healing of endochondral bone fractures and the occurrence of severe bone injuries necessitate novel approaches to enhance clinically challenging bone fracture repair. To promote the healing of nonunion fractures, we tested an approach that used two small molecules to sequentially enhance cartilage development and conversion to the bone in the callus of a murine femoral segmental defect nonunion model of bone injury. Systemic injections of smoothened agonist 21k (SAG21k) were used to stimulate chondrogenesis through the activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway early in bone repair, while injections of the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)2 inhibitor, IOX2, were used to stimulate hypoxia signaling-mediated endochondral bone formation.

Contrasting effects of , an obesity gene, on trabecular bone volume and bone marrow adiposity.

Pathological obesity and its complications are associated with an increased propensity for bone fractures. Humans with certain genetic polymorphisms at the kinase suppressor of ras2 (KSR2) locus develop severe early-onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. Both conditions are phenocopied in mice with deleted, but whether this affects bone health remains unknown.

Occurrence of RNA post-transcriptional modifications in plant viruses and viroids and their correlation with structural and functional features.

Post-transcriptional modifications of RNA bases are widespread across all the tree of life and have been linked to RNA maturation, stability, and molecular interactions. RNA modifications have been extensively described in endogenous eukaryotic mRNAs, however, little is known about the presence of RNA modifications in plant viral and subviral RNAs. Here, we used a computational approach to infer RNA modifications in plant-pathogenic viruses and viroids using high-throughput annotation of modified ribonucleotides (HAMR), a software that predicts modified ribonucleotides using high-throughput RNA sequencing data.

A circular RNA vector for targeted plant gene silencing based on an asymptomatic viroid.

Gene silencing for functional studies in plants has been largely facilitated by manipulating viral genomes with inserts from host genes to trigger virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) against the corresponding mRNAs. However, viral genomes encode multiple proteins and can disrupt plant homeostasis by interfering with endogenous cell mechanisms. To try to circumvent this functional limitation, we have developed a silencing method based on the minimal autonomously-infectious nucleic acids currently known: viroids, which lack proven coding capability.

Arthroscopic Needling Technique for the Treatment of Wrist Ganglia.

 Synovial cysts (SCs) are the most frequent wrist tumors; the arthroscopic treatment presents good results when surgery is indicated for symptomatic or patients with cosmetic concerns. The tumoral lesion should be arthroscopically decompressed or drained toward the inside of the joint through pedicle opening and resection of a small portion of the capsule. Hence, the cyst pedicle must be found for the success of this technique.