Prehospital Trauma Compendium: Prehospital Management of Spinal Cord Injuries - A NAEMSP Comprehensive Review and Analysis of the Literature.

Objectives: Spinal motion restriction (SMR), requiring the use of a cervical collar and allowing for use of a vacuum splint or ambulance cot, and spinal immobilization, requiring the use of a backboard and a cervical collar, have long been established as the standard of care in the prehospital management of trauma. Both techniques are based on the hypothesis that post-injury movement of the spinal column may lead to the development of delayed neurological deficits. However, these techniques, which have the potential for significant patient harm, are without definitive evidence of clinical benefit.

Wilderness First Responder Medical Clearance - A Scoping Review with Recommendations.

Background And Purpose: Due to environmental extremes, as well as the nature of the work itself, wilderness first responders are at risk of incurring medical events in the line of duty. There currently do not exist standardized and scientifically supported methods to screen for a wilderness first responder's risk of incurring a medical event.

Methods: We performed multiple scoping reviews using PubMed and CINAHL.

Impacts of Zika emergence in Latin America on endemic dengue transmission.

In 2015 and 2016, Zika virus (ZIKV) swept through dengue virus (DENV) endemic areas of Latin America. These viruses are of the same family, share a vector and may interact competitively or synergistically through human immune responses. We examine dengue incidence from Brazil and Colombia before, during, and after the Zika epidemic.

Watershed-Scale Land Use Activities Influence the Physiological Condition of Stream Fish.

Land use changes within watersheds can have large effects on stream ecosystems, but the mechanistic basis of those effects remains poorly understood. While changes to population size presumably reflect underlying variation in organismal health and condition, such individual-level metrics are rarely evaluated in the context of ecosystem disturbance. To address this deficiency, we combined physiological sampling with geographic information systems to quantify the effects of land use on physiological indicators of health in largemouth bass.

Stress in the neighborhood: Tissue glucocorticoids relative to stream quality for five species of fish.

Anthropogenic alterations to terrestrial habitat (e.g., urbanization, deforestation, agriculture) can have a variety of negative effects on watercourses that flow through disturbed landscapes.