Salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria recovered from livestock feed components include Escherichia coli ST167 expressing NDM-5 carbapenemase.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including both pathogens and commensal organisms, can be introduced into livestock populations by a variety of mechanisms including contaminated water, animal and human movement, and animal feed. We hypothesized that animal feed is an important mechanism for introduction of both Salmonella and commensal reservoir bacteria harboring mobile antimicrobial-resistance genes into livestock populations. The identification of high-risk feed components may allow targeted interventions that will reduce carriage of these organisms in food animals and ultimately improve food safety.

The impact of zinc supplementation on carbapenem MICs among bacteria expressing IMP metallo-beta-lactamase.

Antibiotic-resistant infections cause an estimated 2.8 million illnesses and 35,900 deaths annually in the USA. Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics that are generally reserved to treat life-threatening invasive infections including sepsis.

Pet treats, Salmonella, and antimicrobial resistance; a One Health problem.

Zoonotic pathogens, including Salmonella and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, may contaminate the food or treats consumed by our pets. These may directly impact the health of the pets or may be transferred to humans who are in close contact. To better understand the potential risk, we purchased 505 pet treats from pet and farm supply stores, grocery stores, and online retailers in the U.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and their carbapenemase genes are stably recovered across the wastewater-watershed ecosystem nexus.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have emerged as an important nosocomial threat to hospitalized patients, but CPE can also colonize the enteric microbiota of healthy individuals in the community. We hypothesized that clinically relevant CPE are frequently transported in municipal wastewater flows to treatment plants where they are reduced but not eliminated and are subsequently discharged into nearby surface waters and disseminate in the environment. We sampled untreated influent, treated effluent, and nearby surface waters weekly for a one-year period at a single large metropolitan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) servicing Columbus, Ohio USA.

Transcontinental Dissemination of Enterobacterales Harboring in Retail Frozen Shrimp.

The global food trade provides a means of disseminating antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Using selective media, carbapenem-resistant species of Enterobacterales ( sp. and sp.

A complex cyclical One Health pathway drives the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

Since their commercialization, scientists have known that antimicrobial use kills or inhibits susceptible bacteria while allowing resistant bacteria to survive and expand. Today there is widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), even to antimicrobials of last resort such as the carbapenems, which are reserved for use in life-threatening infections. It is often convenient to assign responsibility for this global health crisis to the users and prescribers of antimicrobials.

The One Health dissemination of antimicrobial resistance occurs in both natural and clinical environments.

Once considered to be a simple cause-and-effect relationship with localized impact, the concept of how antimicrobial use drives antimicrobial resistance is now recognized as a complex, transdisciplinary problem on a global scale. While the issue of antimicrobial resistance is often studied and addressed at the antimicrobial-human or antimicrobial-animal treatment interface, the role of the environment in the One Health dynamics of antimicrobial resistance is not as well understood. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including those resistant to carbapenem drugs, are emerging in veterinary clinical environments, on farms, and in natural habitats.

Previous Antibiotic Exposure Reshapes the Population Structure of Infecting Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains by Selecting for Antibiotic Resistance over Urovirulence.

Antibiotic therapy is the standard of care for urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). However, previous antibiotic therapy may impart a selective pressure that influences the population structure and pathogenic potential of infecting UPEC strains. Here, we conducted a 3-year study using whole-genome-sequencing analysis and retrospective medical record review to characterize how antibiotic exposure influenced the phenotypic antibiotic resistance, acquired resistome, virulome, and population structure of 88 UTI-causing E.

Antimicrobial-Resistant Recovered from the Environment of Two Zoological Institutions Include Enterobacter cloacae Complex ST171 Producing KPC-4 Carbapenemase.

Environmental surfaces can serve as reservoirs for pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in healthcare settings. Although active surveillance programs are used in veterinary and human healthcare, unconventional settings like zoological facilities are often overlooked, even though antimicrobials are used to maintain the health of their animal collections. Here, we used electrostatic cloths to conduct active environmental surveillance over a 2-year period at two zoological institutions to determine contamination prevalence of human-only and mixed animal-human touch environments with AMR bacteria.

Fish as sentinels of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, epidemic carbapenemase genes, and antibiotics in surface water.

Surface waters, especially those receiving wastewater flows, can disseminate antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), and antibiotics. In the Scioto River of central Ohio, United States, we evaluated fishes as potential sentinels of ARB and antimicrobial contamination and investigated the influence of antimicrobial exposure on the fish intestinal resistome. Seventy-seven fish were collected from river reaches receiving inputs from two wastewater treatment plants that serve the greater Columbus Metropolitan Area.

Pathogenomics and clinical recurrence influence biofilm capacity of Escherichia coli isolated from canine urinary tract infections.

Biofilm formation enhances bacteria's ability to colonize unique niches while protecting themselves from environmental stressors. Escherichia coli that colonize the urinary tract can protect themselves from the harsh bladder environment by forming biofilms. These biofilms promote persistence that can lead to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI).

Colonization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Urban and Suburban Environments with Cephalosporinase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales.

Wildlife play a role in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This is especially true at the human-domestic animal-wildlife interface, like urbanized areas, where interactions occur that can promote the cross-over of AMR bacteria and genes. We conducted a 2-year fecal surveillance ( = 783) of a white-tailed deer (WTD) herd from an urban park system in Ohio to identify and characterize cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing bacteria using selective enrichment.

Gut microbiota and age shape susceptibility to clostridial enteritis in lorikeets under human care.

Background: Enteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in lorikeets that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this study, we examine gut microbiota in two lorikeet flocks with enteritis (Columbus Zoo and Aquarium-CZA; Denver Zoo-DZ). Since 2012, the CZA flock has experienced repeated outbreaks of enteritis despite extensive diet, husbandry, and clinical modifications.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma effects on Staphylococcus aureus-induced chondrocyte death in an in vitro bovine septic arthritis model.

Objective: To investigate the chondroprotective effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), ampicillin-sulbactam (AmpS), or PRP combined with AmpS (PRP+AmpS) in an in vitro chondrocyte explant model of bovine Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis.

Sample: Autologous PRP and cartilage explants obtained from 6 healthy, adult, nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows.

Procedures: Autologous PRP was prepared prior to euthanasia using an optimized double centrifugation protocol.

Temporal Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Fecal Escherichia coli from Deer.

The changing epidemiologic role of wildlife as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is poorly understood. In this study, we characterize the phenotypic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from fecal samples of 879 individual white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) over a ten-year period and analyze resistance patterns. Our results show commensal E.

Evaluation of intramuscular anesthetic protocols in healthy domestic horses.

Objective: To assess anesthetic induction, recovery quality and cardiopulmonary variables after intramuscular (IM) injection of three drug combinations for immobilization of horses.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, three-way crossover prospective design.

Animals: A total of eight healthy adult horses weighing 470-575 kg.

Antimicrobial resistant bacteria recovered from retail ground meat products in the US include a Raoultella ornithinolytica co-harboring bla and bla.

Retail beef and pork, including processed products, can serve as vehicles for the zoonotic foodborne transmission of pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, processed and seasoned products like sausages, are not often included in research and surveillance programs. The objective of this study was to investigate retail ground beef and pork, including processed products, for the presence of common foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

Alterations in gut microbiota linked to provenance, sex, and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, contagious, neurodegenerative prion disease affecting both free-ranging and captive cervid species. CWD is spread via direct or indirect contact or oral ingestion of prions. In the gastrointestinal tract, prions enter the body through microfold cells (M-cells), and the abundance of these cells can be influenced by the gut microbiota.

Anesthetic risk during subsequent anesthetic events in brachycephalic dogs that have undergone corrective airway surgery: 45 cases (2007-2019).

Objective: To determine whether previous corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs would decrease perianesthetic complications in subsequent anesthetic events.

Animals: 45 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Brachycephalic dogs undergoing any combination of staphylectomy, nasal alaplasty, or laryngeal sacculectomy that were anesthetized at a later date for additional surgical procedures or imaging from August 2, 2007, to February 8, 2019, had their medical records reviewed during both anesthetic events for signalment, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, perianesthetic drug administration, anesthetic duration, presence and total time of positive-pressure ventilation, procedure invasiveness, and perianesthetic complications such as bradycardia, hypothermia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, vomiting or regurgitation, dysphoria, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, reintubation, and prolonged periods of recovery.

Pulsed electric field application reduces carbapenem- and colistin-resistant microbiota and bla spread in urban wastewater.

Wastewater flows from metropolitan areas, especially those with healthcare inputs, can serve as transport reservoirs for the dissemination of clinically-relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) such as carbapenem- (CR) and colistin-resistant (CoR) strains. Pulsed electric field (PEF) is an emerging wastewater management tool for reducing bacterial loads without generating environmentally harmful byproducts, but it's ability to reduce ARB and their genetic determinants is not well reported. We collected 86, 10-L raw wastewater influent samples from a large metropolitan wastewater treatment plant in Columbus, Ohio and subjected them to low (34 kV cm for 67 μsec) and high (36 kV cm for 89 μsec) PEF treatment.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp. present in wastewater treatment plant effluent and nearby surface waters in the US.

Carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) are rare, multidrug resistant organisms most commonly associated with hospitalized patients. Metropolitan wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) treat wastewater from large geographic areas which include hospitals and may serve as epidemiologic reservoirs for the maintenance or expansion of CPB that originate from hospitals and are ultimately discharged in treated effluent. However, little is known about the potential impact of these WWTP CPB on the local surface water and their risk to the public health.

Effect of Urbanization on Neospora caninum Seroprevalence in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

The protozoan Neospora caninum is transmitted between domestic and wildlife species. Urbanized environments and deer density may facilitate this transmission and play a critical role in the spillover of N. caninum from domestic animals to wildlife.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Free-Roaming Cats (Felis catus) Across a Suburban to Urban Gradient in Northeastern Ohio.

Felids serve as the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii contaminating environments with oocysts. White-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are used as sentinel species for contaminated environments as well as a potential source for human foodborne infection with T. gondii.