A Simple Step-by-Step Guide to Permanent Punctal Occlusion with the Ophthalmic Burr and Suture Technique.

The medical treatment of dry eye disease usually follows a step-wise approach to achieve clinical improvement, ranging from non-surgical interventions with intensive lubrication to permanent surgical punctal occlusion. While frequent lubrication is essential, the intense regime is often too burdensome and difficult to maintain at the required frequency. Punctal plugs are an invaluable alternative approach, but also have limitations, especially in conscious children, in whom inserting and re-inserting punctum plugs in clinic can be challenging.

Successful Late Treatment of Orbital Infantile Haemangiomas in Two Teenagers with Topical Transcutaneous Timolol Maleate 0.5% Alone.

We previously described the first successful treatment of deep periocular and, subsequently, orbital infantile haemangiomas (IH) with topical transcutaneous timolol maleate 0.5% (TM 0.5%) alone as the first-line treatment in the acute proliferative phase in infancy.

Paediatric orbital lymphoma; a case series and review of the literature.

Objective: To describe a series of paediatric orbital lymphoma patients in a single tertiary referral centre.

Methods: A retrospective case-note search in the Oxford Eye Hospital of all patients under the age of 18 years with orbital lymphoma between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, and a literature review was conducted.

Ectopic vortex veins and varices in Donnai Barrow syndrome.

Background: Donnai Barrow Syndrome (DBS) is a rare, multi-system autosomal recessively inherited disorder of relevance to ophthalmologists. To aim to describe the ocular phenotype using multimodal imaging for two cases of genetically confirmed DBS and compare against the published phenotype.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case series of two unrelated patients with DBS and review of the literature.

Topical Timolol for Infantile Haemangioma of the Orbit.

Infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumours of the eyelid and orbits in infancy. Beta-blockers, in the form of oral propranolol, have become first-line treatment in severe cases with functionally significant or disfiguring IH. However, adverse drug reactions of oral propranolol in infants are reported in 1 in 11 and serious or potentially life-threatening systemic side effects in 1 in 38, including dyspnoea, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia, and cyanosis, therefore requiring careful and close monitoring during the course of systemic treatment.

Adapted Bag-in-the-Lens Implantation Technique in Children with Congenital Ectopia Lentis.

Background: Subluxation of the crystalline lens in childhood confronts the surgeon with a dilemma: to operate or to wait and see. Surgery is usually not performed when the subluxation is still limited. However, postponing the surgery increases the surgical difficulty as the capsular bag becomes more difficult to use as a means of support for the intraocular lens (IOL).

Safe and Effective Treatment of Intracranial Infantile Hemangiomas with Beta-Blockers.

Infantile hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors but are rarely found in an intracranial location. Our literature review identified 41 reported cases. There is no general consensus on management of these rare lesions and until recently, treatment was limited to surgery or pharmacological management with steroids or interferon.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Prone Transcranial Surgery for Craniosynostosis and Discussion of Risk Factors.

Vision loss is a known rare complication of prone positioning during surgery. Vision loss following prone surgery is most commonly attributed to direct pressure on the eye but can also be caused by central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the absence of pressure on the eye. Central retinal artery occlusion has not been previously described following prone transcranial surgery for craniosynostosis.

Severe congenital bilateral corneal ulceration due to Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: a case-report and review of the ophthalmic literature.

A newborn boy with genetically confirmed Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome presented with severe bilateral corneal ulceration that required emergency surgical tarsorrhaphies and permanent lower punctal occlusion. The patient healed completely, with no recurrence over 18 months of follow-up.

Early and Late Histological and Ultrastructural Findings in Resected Infantile Capillary Hemangiomas Following Treatment with Topical Beta-Blocker Timolol Maleate 0.5.

Background: Infantile capillary hemangiomas (IHs) affect approximately 4-5% of infants. The systemic nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, has become the standard first-line treatment for severe IHs. The topical β-antagonist, timolol maleate, has also demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating superficial and some deep capillary hemangiomas.

Acute Sickle Cell Orbitopathy Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis.

Sickle cell orbitopathy is a rare manifestation of a sickle cell crisis and can closely mimic orbital cellulitis, both clinically and radiologically. We present a case where a child presented with what was thought to be orbital cellulitis and was treated accordingly. Subtle radiologic features of sickle cell orbitopathy were initially overlooked, resulting in an incorrect diagnosis and a treatment delay for the patient.

Topical timolol maleate 0.5% solution for the management of deep periocular infantile hemangiomas.

This retrospective, consecutive, clinical case series examined the use of topical timolol in the treatment of 5 children with deep, periocular infantile hemangiomas that caused astigmatism, change in head posture, or ptosis. All patients were treated with timolol maleate solution 0.5% twice daily until the lesions had regressed.

Review of topical beta blockers as treatment for infantile hemangiomas.

The treatment of infantile hemangiomas changed from the use of oral corticosteroids to oral propranolol on the serendipitous discovery of propanolol's clinical effectiveness in 2008. Since then, clinicians have begun to use topical beta blockers--in particular, timolol maleate 0.5% gel forming solution--with good effect.

A simple technique for temporary eyelid closure in severe exposure keratopathy.

We describe a novel and simple technique for temporary lid closure in severe bilateral corneal exposure keratopathy, where a rapid method for corneal protection is required. The aim is to create a stable dressing base for secure closure of the eyelids that also allows instillation of medication and examination of the eye.

Retropupillary Artisan intraocular lens implantation in very young children with aphakia following penetrating eye injuries.

Visual rehabilitation of children with penetrating eye injuries often carries a poor prognosis. When capsular support is insufficient, implantation of the aphakic Artisan (Ophtec, The Netherlands) iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) in front of the iris is an accepted alternative to anterior chamber or scleral-fixated implantation. With anterior chamber lens implantation, however, there is concern about long-term endothelial loss.

Congenital cataract in a child with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a cause of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy not previously known to cause ophthalmic disease. We describe the novel observation of a 5-year-old girl with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and bilateral cataracts. PDE is the result of mutations in the ALDH7A1 gene encoding antiquitin, an enzyme protective against cellular dehydration and osmotic stress.