Left Ventricular to Right and Left Atrial Shunts Post-Myxoma Resection: A Multimodality Imaging Perspective.

Two-dimensional TEE, aortic valve short-axis systolic view without and with color flow Doppler, long-axis (140°) LVOT view , and three-dimensional volume-rendered display , demonstrates both the acquired Gerbode defect and the LVOT-mitral anterior leaflet shunts with high-velocity turbulent flow patterns. , Interatrial septum; , left atrium; , left ventricle; , left ventricular outflow tract; , mitral valve; , right atrium; , right ventricle; , transesophageal echocardiogram.

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Tricuspid Valve Prolapse Based on Magnetic Resonance Diagnostic Criteria.

Background: Tricuspid valve prolapse (TVP) is an uncertain diagnosis with unknown clinical significance because of a scarcity of published data.

Objectives: In this study, cardiac magnetic resonance was used to: 1) propose diagnostic criteria for TVP; 2) evaluate the prevalence of TVP in patients with primary mitral regurgitation (MR); and 3) identify the clinical implications of TVP with regard to tricuspid regurgitation (TR).

Methods: Forty-one healthy volunteers were analyzed to identify normal tricuspid leaflet displacement and propose criteria for TVP.

Giant Coronary Sinus Complicated by Spontaneous Thrombosis.

Spontaneous coronary sinus thrombosis (CST) is an extremely rare occurrence. Most cases are iatrogenic and related to right heart instrumentation, due to either central line placement or electrophysiology procedures such as pacemaker insertion that causes direct damage to the endothelial lining. The course can be insidious and may result in a fatal outcome.

Cor Triatriatum Dexter: An Innocent Bystander.

Cor triatriatum dexter is a rare congenital heart defect with a varied clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to right heart failure. Accurate diagnosis is imperative as it may affect clinical decision making. We present a multimodality imaging assessment of cor triatriatum dexter in a 70-year-old woman with severe tricuspid regurgitation.

Differential proteome profile, biological pathways, and network relationships of osteogenic proteins in calcified human aortic valves.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease requiring intervention. Most research on CAVD has focused on inflammation, ossification, and cellular phenotype transformation. To gain a broader picture into the wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, we compared the total protein profiles between calcified and non-calcified areas from 5 human valves resected during surgery.

Surgery for Ventricular Tachycardia.

The treatment of drug-refractory chronic ventricular tachycardia (VT) has undergone a revolution over the last 50 years. We now have automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy with pace-terminating capabilities, and catheter ablation of VT has refined mapping and improved methods of lesion generation. Between 1980 and 1993, Houston Methodist Hospital became a leader in the diagnosis and surgical ablation of VT and other arrhythmias.

Mitral Valve Remodeling and Strain in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Comparison With Primary Regurgitation and Normal Valves.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess mitral valve (MV) remodeling and strain in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) compared with primary MR (PMR) and normal valves.

Background: A paucity of data exists on MV strain during the cardiac cycle in humans. Real-time 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography allows for dynamic MV imaging, enabling computerized modeling of MV function in normal and disease states.

Valve Strain Quantitation in Normal Mitral Valves and Mitral Prolapse With Variable Degrees of Regurgitation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantitate patient-specific mitral valve (MV) strain in normal valves and in patients with mitral valve prolapse with and without significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and assess the determinants of MV strain.

Background: Few data exist on MV deformation during systole in humans. Three-dimensional echocardiography allows for dynamic MV imaging, enabling digital modeling of MV function in health and disease.

One Hundred Percent Reparability of Mitral Prolapse: Results of a Dynamic Nonresectional Technique.

Background: We studied the results of a dynamic mitral repair technique that preserves normal mitral valve function by avoiding leaflet resection and rigid and semirigid annuloplasty rings.

Methods: In previous reports we demonstrated that intraoperative simulation of mitral valve locking and isovolumic systole by rapid left ventricular inflation with pressurized saline accurately simulates mitral annular and leaflet shape and position, and left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. Length of polytetrafluoroethylene neochordae and size of fully flexible adjustable annuloplasty ring can be adjusted in three dimensions for accurate apposition of zones of leaflet coaptation, premarked with dots.

Extracellular Volume in Primary Mitral Regurgitation.

Objectives: This study used cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to evaluate whether elevated extracellular volume (ECV) was associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) or if elevated ECV was a consequence of remodeling independent of primary mitral regurgitation (MR) etiology.

Background: Replacement fibrosis in primary MR is more prevalent in MVP; however, data on ECV as a surrogate for diffuse interstitial fibrosis in primary MR are limited.

Methods: Patients with chronic primary MR underwent comprehensive CMR phenotyping and were stratified into an MVP cohort (>2 mm leaflet displacement on a 3-chamber cine CMR) and a non-MVP cohort.

Resolving the Disproportionate Left Ventricular Enlargement in Mitral Valve Prolapse Due to Barlow Disease: Insights From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Objectives: This study hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) enlargement in Barlow disease can be explained by accounting for the total volume load that consists of transvalvular mitral regurgitation (MR) and the prolapse volume.

Background: Barlow disease is characterized by long prolapsing mitral leaflets that can harbor a significant amount of blood-the prolapse volume-at end-systole. The LV in Barlow disease can be disproportionately enlarged relative to MR severity, leading to speculation of Barlow cardiomyopathy.

Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation.

Purpose Of Review: Mitral repair is the best treatment for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Many patients are referred too late for optimal outcomes. The US repair vs.

Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Primary Mitral Regurgitation With and Without Prolapse.

Background: Recent studies reported left ventricular (LV) fibrosis in patients with primary mitral regurgitation (MR) thought to be principally due to mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and prognostic implications of LV fibrosis in a large cohort of primary MR patients with and without MVP using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods: Patients referred for contrast CMR assessment of chronic primary MR were enrolled and underwent comprehensive assessment of cardiac remodeling, severity of MR, and LV replacement fibrosis.

Early Trifecta valve failure: Report of a cluster of cases from a tertiary care referral center.

Background: The Trifecta valve (St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) was approved for commercial use by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2011. Several isolated cases have been reported since then, describing early structural valve deterioration. We report a case series of 8 Trifecta valve failures, describing patients' clinical substrate and management, and the pathologic characteristics of the explanted valves.