Nutraceutical Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Path to Liver Health.

MASLD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease) is a growing global concern. Nutraceuticals offer an appealing approach by targeting key mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. This narrative review examines the role of various nutraceuticals in MASLD treatment, including silymarin, vitamin E, omega-3, curcumin, berberine, and coenzyme Q10.

Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.

People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are usually considered to exclusively exhibit β-cell failure, but they frequently also feature insulin resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms, clinical features, and therapeutic relevance of insulin resistance by focusing mainly on human studies using gold-standard techniques (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp). In T1D, tissue-specific insulin resistance can develop early and sustain throughout disease progression.

Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: Clinical Features, Genetics and Treatment in a Greek Referral Center.

Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare syndrome in which a patient's phenotype is not merely dependent on the specific genetic mutation, but it is also defined by a combination of other demographic, environmental and genetic factors. In this prospective observational study in a Greek referral center, we enrolled 39 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of FPLD. A genetic analysis was conducted, which included sequence and deletion/duplication analyses of the LMNA and PPRARG genes, along with anthropometric and metabolic parameters.

Short-Term Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Glycemic Responses and Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults: Results from Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

The effects of spirulina consumption added in foods were investigated in two crossover clinical trials ( = 13 different healthy adults). In Trial-1 adults consumed cookies with-and-without spirulina (3.12 g per 100 g final product; 2.

Hypertriglyceridemia and Other Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Hospital-Based Clinic Population in Greece.

Aims/introduction: Several reports indicate an increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia and hypertension are the main risk factors for CKD development and progression. However, despite the achievement of recommended targets for blood glucose and blood pressure (BP), the residual risk of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) remains relatively high.

Effects of Spaghetti Differing in Soluble Fiber and Protein Content on Glycemic Responses in Humans: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Subjects.

This randomized, single blind, cross-over study investigated the glycemic responses to three spaghetti No 7 types differing in dietary protein and soluble fiber content. Fourteen clinically and metabolically healthy, fasting individuals (25 ± 1 years; ten women; BMI 23 ± 1 kg/m) received isoglucidic test meals (50 g available carbohydrate) and 50 g glucose reference, in random order. GI was calculated using the FAO/WHO method.

Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance.

As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than a postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity.

Case Report: Metreleptin Treatment in a Patient With a Novel Mutation for Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Type 3, Presenting With Uncontrolled Diabetes and Insulin Resistance.

Background: Familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder which is caused by mutations in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma () gene. It is characterized by a partial loss of adipose tissue leading to subnormal leptin secretion and metabolic complications. Metreleptin, a synthetic analogue of human leptin, is an effective treatment for generalized lipodystrophies, but the evidence for efficacy in patients with FPLD3 is scarce.

Antidiabetic and Other Therapies Used in Subjects with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Hospital-Based Clinic Population in Greece.

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Greece, in a population from hospital-based diabetes clinics ( = 1759), the overall prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) was 45% including mild, moderate, and severe CKD. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze how T2DM patients with mild-to-severe CKD are managed by diabetologists in Greece and assess the achievement rates in glycemic, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) control.

Regulation of Postabsorptive and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism by Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms: An Integrative Approach.

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose production from the liver and kidneys and glucose disposal in peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). Blood levels of glucose are regulated simultaneously by insulin-mediated rates of glucose production from the liver (and kidneys) and removal from muscle; adipose tissue is a key partner in this scenario, providing nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as an alternative fuel for skeletal muscle and liver when blood glucose levels are depleted.

Serum Uric Acid and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Cardiovascular Disease.

Hyperuricemia, has been traditionally related to nephrolithiasis and gout. However, it has also been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiologically, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism.

Diabetes distress is associated with individualized glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: It has been proposed that the negative emotional state of diabetes distress (DD) may exert a detrimental effect on glycemic outcomes of individuals struggling with diabetes-related challenges. Thus far, no study has investigated this association by utilizing individualized treatment targets of patients' glycemic control. Therefore, we sought to identify the potential role of DD in the achievement of individualized glycemic targets (AIGTs) among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

The prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease in adult Greek subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A series from hospital-based diabetes clinics.

Aims: To examine the prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) and its risk factors in adult Greek subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a population from hospital-based diabetes clinics.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional multicentre study based on data collected from Greek hospital-based diabetes clinics from June 2015 to March 2016. DCKD severity was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines.

Competing Effects of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Erythropoietin Secretion in Diabetes.

Background: Anaemia is a common finding in diabetes, particularly in those patients with albuminuria or renal dysfunction and is associated with impaired erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. This review focuses on mechanisms involved in the regulation of erythropoiesis in diabetic patients in an effort to elucidate the competing effects of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values.

Summary: The RAS shows significant activation in diabetic subjects.

Dislodged biliary stent causes lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage four years postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Endoscopic biliary stent placement is an efficient method for the decompression of the biliary system in various benign and malignant causes. Dislocation and stent migration is a well-known complication, with most displaced stents passing through the bowel, uneventfully. Rarely, migrated stents can be accounted for potentially life-threatening complications.

Publication dynamics in gastroenterology and hepatology over the last decade in Greece: a SCImago-based study.

Background: There is evidence that the financial crisis has deleteriously affected scientific output. We aimed to assess the dynamics of Greek publications in gastroenterology and hepatology over the last ten years.

Methods: Data were collected from SCImago.

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials challenging the usefulness of purgative preparation before small-bowel video capsule endoscopy.

Background: The usefulness of purgative preparation before small-bowel video capsule endoscopy is controversial. We aimed to examine the effect of purgative preparation on small-bowel video capsule endoscopy outcomes.

Methods: We performed literature searches in MEDLINE and the Cochrane library for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of purgative preparation (polyethylene glycol, sodium phosphate, others) vs.

Meta-analysis shows similar re-bleeding rates among Western and Eastern populations after index video capsule endoscopy.

Background & Aims: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is the first-line diagnostic procedure for investigating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Different re-bleeding rates following index VCE have been reported among Western and Eastern studies.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies examining re-bleeding rates after VCE for OGIB.

: an unusual adverse reaction to terlipressin.

Terlipressin is a synthetic long-acting analog of vasopressin widely used to control variceal bleeding by lowering portal venous pressure. We report an unusual adverse reaction to terlipressin in a 78-year-old patient with esophageal variceal bleeding who developed skin necrosis soon after treatment initiation. Skin biopsy revealed embolia cutis medicamentosa.

Is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia?

Functional dyspepsia is a highly prevalent disease, with significant impacts on patients' quality of life and economic robustness of health care systems worldwide. It constitutes a constellation of symptoms located in the gastro duodenal region while its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggest that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with the etiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.