Self-attention-guided residual deep neural network with multi-scale dilated feature extraction for automated gallbladder disease diagnosis in ultrasound imaging.

Background And Objective: Gallbladder diseases present a critical challenge and can cause serious complications, if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Diseases including gallstone, inflammation, and other abnormalities may lead to a number of significant consequences, such as bile duct obstructions, chronic pain, infections, and in severe cases, life-threatening sepsis or gallbladder cancer.

Methods: This study presents a novel deep learning-based diagnostic model using an attention-guided residual convolutional neural network to classify nine distinct gallbladder diseases, including gallstones, abdomen and retroperitoneal pathology, cholecystitis, membranous and gangrenous cholecystitis, perforation, polyps and cholesterol crystals, adenomyomatosis, carcinoma, and various causes of gallbladder wall thickening.

Speed-bred crops for food security and sustainable agriculture.

Overcoming the existing barriers of speed breeding and its integration with modern genetic technologies will be crucial for its widespread adoption in plant breeding programs. Safeguarding global food security calls for a steady stream of climate-smart crop varieties delivered in less time with fewer agricultural resources. In this context, speed breeding (SB) was introduced as a shortening practice in modern agriculture through innovative solutions that promote rapid growth and development in plants.

Evolving Gender Dynamics in India's Nephrology Workforce: A Decadal Analysis (2013-2023).

The field of medicine has long been marked by gender disparities, with men predominantly occupying higher academic ranks while women were underrepresented. In recent years, there have been marked changes in the gender ratio among medical professionals in Nephrology. This study analysed gender dynamics within the Indian Nephrology fraternity.

Electronic Structure and Surface Chemistry of BaZrS Perovskite Powder and Sputtered Thin Film.

Chalcogenide perovskites exhibit optoelectronic properties that position them as potential materials in the field of photovoltaics. We report a detailed investigation into the electronic structure and chemical properties of polycrystalline BaZrS perovskite powder by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, complemented by an analysis of its long- and short-range geometric structures using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results obtained for the powdered BaZrS are compared to similar measurements on a sputtered polycrystalline BaZrS thin film prepared through rapid thermal processing.

A method for screening salt stress tolerance in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) (L.) Czern & Coss at seedling stage.

Fifty-nine diverse Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) genotypes were used to find an effective screening method to identify salt tolerance at the germination and seedling stages. Salinity stress limits crop productivity and is difficult to simulate on farms, hindering parental selection for hybridization programmes and the development of tolerant cultivars. To estimate an optimum salt concentration for screening, seeds of 15 genotypes were selected randomly and grown in vitro at 0 mM/L, 75 mM/L, 150 mM/L, 225 mM/L, and 300 mM/L concentrations of NaCl in 2 replications in a complete randomized design.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Ulcerative Colitis - A Potential Link Revisited.

Inflammatory bowel disease is known to be associated with several extraintestinal manifestations including haematological abnormalities. The association between ulcerative colitis and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is largely anecdotal, described in only two case reports so far. While the existence of association remains a matter of research, what is clear is the need for prompt recognition of this complication and expedient treatment which may be life-saving.

Internal Carotid Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia in a Child: Incidental Postmortem Finding after Head Injury.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, segmental, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease of unknown etiology. It predominantly involves renal artery (60-75%) followed by extracranial part of the internal carotid artery and vertebral arteries (25-30%). The disease typically affects middle-aged women and involves intermediate-sized arteries throughout the body.

Efficacy of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Conscious Sedation in Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molar: A Double-Blind Split Mouth Study.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Sedation status and pain experience of the patients undergoing surgical extraction of impacted third molar.

Materials And Methods: In this double-blind, split mouth study, in 15 patients, evaluations pertaining to classes of third molar impaction was done. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive either intranasal normal saline (placebo group) or intranasal 1.

Predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications after liver resection: Results from a tertiary care intensive care unit.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) is a serious complication after liver surgery and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, the early identification of risk factors of PPCs may help to reduce the adverse outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the predictors of PPCs in patients undergoing hepatic resection.

Chloroma of perianal region masquerading as perianal abscess.

Chloroma, also called granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or Myeloid Sarcoma, is a rare malignant extra-medullary neoplasm of myeloid precursor cells. It is usually associated with myeloproliferative disorders but its appearance may precede the onset of leukaemia. The presence of a chloroma is certainly a sign of poor prognosis.

An unusual presentation of pelvic leiomyomatosis misdiagnosed as disseminated malignancy.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is an exceedingly rare, usually benign condition that clinically simulates a disseminated malignancy, occurring predominantly in women of childbearing age. We present a case of LPD in a postmenopausal woman who had undergone hysterectomy 8 years back for fibroids along with simultaneous presence of pelvic metastasis from breast carcinoma.

Correlation of gallstone characteristics with mucosal changes in gall bladder.

Background And Aim: Gallstones are known to produce diverse histopathological changes in the gall bladder. Our aim was to correlate various gallstone characteristics (number, size, weight, volume and morphological type) with the type of mucosal response in gall bladder (inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia and carcinoma).

Methods: The study was conducted on 330 open cholecystectomy specimens with complete gallstones.

Primary hepatic tuberculosis: a rare but fatal clinical entity if undiagnosed.

Hepatic tuberculosis particularly in the absence of military tuberculosis is rare. It can occur as a primary case or due to reactivation of an old tubercular focus. We report case of a 24 year old married female who died of primary hepatic tuberculosis.

Oral cysticercosis-a rare presentation.

Cysticercosis is a condition that occurs when man is infected with larvae of Taenia solium. Oral cysticercosis is a rare event, and it represents difficulty in clinical diagnosis. A case of oral cysticercosis in 11 year old girl is presented which complained of painless swelling for 6 months.

Isolated tuberculous splenic abscess in an immunocompetent individual.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spleen is an extremely rare clinical entity particularly among immunocompetent persons. We report a case of isolated tuberculous abscess of spleen in a 13- years- old boy. No primary focus of infection was detected in lungs or any other organ.