Machine learning models for clinical and structural knee osteoarthritis prediction: Recent advancements and future directions.

Machine learning (ML), increasingly used for predictive modeling, has seen rapid growth in osteoarthritis (OA) research over the past decade. This review highlights recent advances in ML model development across four OA outcome domains: clinical, structural (radiographic and MRI-based), and surgical endpoints, each addressing different but interrelated aspects of the disease. For clinical outcomes, ML studies have focused on predicting changes in patient-reported clinical measures (e.

Synovitis mediates cartilage outcomes during weight-loss in knee osteoarthritis - 4-year follow-up data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: Weight loss can modify the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and this may, in part, be achieved by decreased synovitis, a known accelerator of cartilage degeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether change in synovitis mediates the beneficial effect of weight loss on longitudinal cartilage outcomes.

Method: We analyzed right knees with baseline Kellgren & Lawrence grades 1-3 of 1153 obese and overweight participants of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort with Whole Organ MRI Scores (WORMS) and semi-quantitative assessment of effusion synovitis and synovial proliferation scores form 3T MRIs at baseline and 48 months.

Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: To explore the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and knee osteoarthritis (KOA)-related imaging and clinical outcomes in men and women.

Design: Osteoarthritis Initiative participants with sufficient dietary and sociodemographic data (n = 4403) were included in this cross-sectional study. UPF was assessed by food frequency questionnaire-based NOVA Classification, categorizing diet according to processing level, with NOVA-4 indicating UPF.

Intra-articular Knee Injections and Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Background At least 10% of all patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) undergo treatment with injectable corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid (HA). Although both have been shown to help with symptomatic pain relief, their long-term effects on knee OA progression remain inconclusive. Purpose To investigate the association between intra-articular knee injections, specifically corticosteroids and HA, and OA progression using a detailed whole-joint semiquantitative MRI evaluation and clinical outcomes for a period of 2 years.

Thigh-muscle volume change in response to diet, exercise, and weight-loss in overweight and obese individuals-8-year follow-up data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objectives: Weight loss is considered an essential treatment component for knee osteoarthritis (OA), but data on weight-loss-associated changes in skeletal muscle is sparse. This study aimed to assess volumetric changes in major thigh muscle groups during weight loss.

Methods: Included in this longitudinal analysis of the Osteoarthritis Initiative were participants who had (a) stable weight (SW) (body mass index (BMI) ± 3%); (b) moderate weight loss (MWL) (5-10% BMI); (c) extensive weight loss (EWL) (> 10%) and available segmentations of thigh muscles on MR imaging for baseline and 8-year follow-up.

No evidence of fluctuations in daily step count between infusions in people with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies.

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on some disease-modifying therapies (i.e., natalizumab), report a "wearing-off" effect characterized by increased symptoms directly before infusions.

Gender-differences in imaging phenotypes of osteoarthritis in the osteoarthritis initiative.

In osteoarthritis (OA) research it is increasingly recognized that stratification according to disease phenotypes is essential for optimizing treatment regimens. Gender-specific differences in clinical OA manifestations have been identified, and this analysis aimed to assess whether these differences extend to imaging phenotypes.From the Osteoarthritis Initiative database 2523 participants (1409 women and 1114 men) with completed 3T MRI and whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging scores (WORMS) of the right knee at baseline were included.

MRI-based analysis of thigh intramuscular fat and its associations with age, sex, and BMI using data from the osteoarthritis initiative data.

The degree of thigh intramuscular fat in individuals without OA is fundamental for distinguishing natural variations in intramuscular fat from pathological changes. The goals of this study were to estimate the degree of thigh intramuscular fat in individuals without radiographic OA or frequent pain and assess the associations of age, sex, and BMI with the degree of intramuscular fat. Individuals without knee or hip radiographic OA, without total knee/hip arthroplasty, and without frequent knee/hip pain were selected from the OAI database (n = 710).

Quantifying knee-adjacent subcutaneous fat in the entire OAI baseline dataset - Associations with cartilage MRI T, thickness and pain, independent of BMI.

Objective: Knee-adjacent subcutaneous fat (kaSCF) has emerged as a potential biomarker and risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) progression. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-based tool for the automatic segmentation of kaSCF thickness and evaluate the cross-sectional associations between kaSCF, cartilage thickness, magnetic resonance imaging-based cartilage T relaxation time, knee pain, and muscle strength independent of body mass index (BMI).

Design: Baseline 3.

Longitudinal Changes in Medial Meniscal Extrusion After ACL Injury and Reconstruction and Its Relationship With Cartilage Degeneration Assessed Using MRI-Based T1ρ and T2 Analysis.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often leads to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), despite ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) is implicated in PTOA progression but remains understudied after ACL injury and ACLR.

Hypothesis/purpose: It was hypothesized that MME would increase longitudinally after ACL injury and ACLR, with greater changes in the ipsilateral knee compared with the contralateral knee, leading to cartilage degeneration.

Ligamentum teres lesions are associated with compositional and structural hip cartilage degenerative change: region-specific cartilage degeneration.

Objectives: To investigate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based ligamentum teres lesions (LTL) and structural hip degeneration.

Methods: Bilateral 3-T hip MRIs of participants (n = 93 [36 men]; mean age ( ± SD) 51 years ± 15.4) recruited from the community and the orthopedic clinic of a single medical center were included.

Clinical and imaging findings associated with preservation of knee joint health over 8 years in individuals aged 65 and over: data from the OAI.

Objective: While risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) are well known, it is not well understood why certain individuals maintain high mobility and joint health throughout their life while others demonstrate OA at older ages. The purpose of this study was to assess which demographic, clinical and MRI quantitative and semi-quantitative factors are associated with preserving healthy knees in older individuals.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the OA Initiative (OAI) cohort of individuals at the age of 65 years or above.

Degenerative medial and lateral menisci root tears: demographics, clinical presentation, imaging features, and associated findings.

Purpose: (I) Characterize the demographics and clinical features of patients with meniscal root tears (MRT); (II) analyze the morphology, extent, and grade of MRT on MRI; (III) evaluate associated abnormalities on imaging; and (IV) evaluate the associations between imaging findings, demographics, clinical features, and joint structural abnormalities.

Material And Methods: A search was performed to identify meniscal root tears. Age, sex, BMI, and pain were recorded.

Associations of cumulative voriconazole dose, treatment duration, and alkaline phosphatase with voriconazole-induced periostitis.

Objective: To investigate the associations of cumulative voriconazole dose, treatment duration, and alkaline phosphatase with voriconazole-induced periostitis.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and thirty-one patients with voriconazole use were identified using a clinical informatics tool. Health record data including age, sex, immune status, alkaline phosphatase, voriconazole levels, voriconazole dose, frequency, and treatment duration were collected.

Clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with meniscal root tears.

Background: Meniscal root tears can lead to early knee osteoarthritis and pain. This study aimed (1) to compare clinical and radiological outcomes between patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal root repair after meniscal root tears and those who received non-surgical treatment, and (2) to identify whether baseline MRI findings could be potential predictors for future treatment strategies.

Methods: Patients with meniscal root tears were identified from our picture archiving and communication system from 2016 to 2020.

Microvascular disease not type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cortical porosity: A study of cortical bone microstructure and intracortical vessel characteristics.

Introduction: Fracture risk is elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) despite normal or even high bone mineral density (BMD). Microvascular disease (MVD) is a diabetic complication, but also associated with other diseases, for example chronic kidney disease. We hypothesize that increased fracture risk in T2D could be due to increased cortical porosity (Ct.

Thigh muscle and fat volumes are associated with knee cartilage abnormalities and bone marrow edema-like lesions: data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Objective: To investigate the associations of thigh muscle and fat volumes with structural abnormalities on MRI related to knee osteoarthritis.

Materials And Methods: MRI studies of the thighs and knees from 100 individuals were randomly selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort. Whole Organ MR Scoring (WORMS) and effusion-synovitis scoring were performed in all knee MRI.

Is hip capsule morphology associated with hip pain in patients without another structural correlate?

Objective: The goals of this study were (i) to assess the association between hip capsule morphology and pain in patients without any other MRI abnormalities that would correlate with pain and (ii) to investigate whether hip capsule morphology in hip pain patients is different from that of controls.

Methods: In this study, 76 adults with hip pain who did not show any structural abnormalities on MRI and 46 asymptomatic volunteers were included. Manual segmentation of the anterior and posterior hip capsules was performed.

Associations between weight change, knee subcutaneous fat and cartilage thickness in overweight and obese individuals: 4-Year data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Objective: To assess (i) the impact of changes in body weight on changes in joint-adjacent subcutaneous fat (SCF) and cartilage thickness over 4 years and (ii) the relation between changes in joint-adjacent SCF and knee cartilage thickness.

Design: Individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (total=399) with > 10% weight gain (n=100) and > 10% weight loss (n=100) over 4 years were compared to a matched control cohort with less than 3% change in weight (n=199). 3.

Headache frequency and neck pain are associated with trapezius muscle T2 in tension-type headache among young adults.

Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache disorder. Neck pain is commonly associated with primary headaches and the trigemino-cervical complex (TCC) refers to the convergence of trigeminal and cervical afferents onto neurons of the brainstem, thus conceptualizes the emergence of headache in relation to neck pain. However, no objective biomarkers exist for the myofascial involvement in primary headaches.

MRI-based T and T cartilage compositional imaging in osteoarthritis: what have we learned and what is needed to apply it clinically and in a trial setting?

Cartilage MRI-based T and T compositional measurements have been developed to characterize cartilage matrix quality and diagnose cartilage damage before irreversible defects are found, allowing intervention at an early, potentially reversible disease stage. Over the last 2 decades, this technology was investigated in numerous studies and was validated using specimen studies and arthroscopy; and longitudinal studies documented its ability to predict progression of degenerative disease and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). While T and T measurements have shown promise in early disease stages, several hurdles have been encountered to apply this technology clinically.

The effect of interactions between BMI and sustained depressive symptoms on knee osteoarthritis over 4 years: data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Background: To assess the compound effects of BMI and sustained depressive symptoms on changes in knee structure, cartilage composition, and knee pain over 4 years using statistical interaction analyses.

Methods: One thousand eight hundred forty-four individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Database were analyzed at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Individuals were categorized according to their BMI and presence of depressive symptoms (based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (threshold≥16)) at baseline and 4-year follow-up.