Deep proteome profiling of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects roughly 1 in 3 adults and is a leading cause of liver transplants and liver related mortality. A deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis is essential to assist in developing blood-based biomarkers.

Methods: Here, we use data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to assess disease-state associated protein profiles in human liver, blood plasma, and white adipose tissue (WAT).

Machine-Learning-Based Activity Tracking for Individual Pig Monitoring in Experimental Facilities for Improved Animal Welfare in Research.

In experimental research, animal welfare should always be of the highest priority. Currently, physical in-person observations are the standard. This is time-consuming, and results are subjective.

Characterization of human melanoma skin cancer models: A step towards model-based melanoma research.

Advancing 3D in vitro human tissue models is crucial for biomedical research and drug development to address the ethical and biological limitations of animal testing. Recently, 3D skin models have proven to be effective for studying serious skin conditions, such as melanoma. For these advanced models to be applicable in preclinical studies, thorough characterization is essential to understand their applicability and limitations.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in a Dish: Human Precision-Cut Liver Slices as a Platform for Drug Screening and Interventions.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing healthcare problem with limited therapeutic options. Progress in this field depends on the availability of reliable preclinical models. Human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) have been employed to replicate the initiation of MASLD, but a comprehensive investigation into MASLD progression is still missing.

Single cell-resolved study of advanced murine MASH reveals a homeostatic pericyte signaling module.

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and marked by hepatic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis, impairing liver function and aggravating metabolic derangements. The liver homeostatic interactions disrupted in MASH are still poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the plasticity and changing interactions of non-parenchymal cells associated with advanced MASH.

Stellate cell expression of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 is associated with human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity.

Background & Aims: Histological assessment of liver biopsies is the gold standard for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), despite its well-established limitations. Therefore, non-invasive biomarkers that can offer an integrated view of the liver are needed to improve diagnosis and reduce sampling bias. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are central in the development of hepatic fibrosis, a hallmark of NASH.

Circulating TREM2 as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for NASH in patients with elevated liver stiffness.

Background And Aims: Reliable noninvasive biomarkers are an unmet clinical need for the diagnosis of NASH. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of the circulating triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (plasma TREM2) as a biomarker for NASH in patients with NAFLD and elevated liver stiffness.

Approach And Results: We collected cross-sectional, clinical data including liver biopsies from a derivation ( n = 48) and a validation cohort ( n = 170) of patients with elevated liver stiffness measurement (LSM ≥ 8.

Caecal microbiota composition of experimental inbred MHC-B lines infected with IBV differs according to genetics and vaccination.

Interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system may be involved in vaccine and infection responses. In the present study, we studied the interactions between caecal microbiota composition and parameters describing the immune response in six experimental inbred chicken lines harboring different MHC haplotypes. Animals were challenge-infected with the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and half of them were previously vaccinated against this pathogen.

The effects of pain and a secondary task on postural sway during standing.

Background: Pain impairs available cognitive resources and somatosensory information, but its effects on postural control during standing are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postural sway is affected by the presence of pain and a secondary task during standing.

Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects stood as quiet as possible at a tandem stance for 30s on a force platform at different conditions regarding the presence of pain and a secondary task.

The influence of shaft stiffness on joint kinematics and kinetics during hiking.

Hiking boots provide an interface for walking in challenging environments, typically equipped with a shaft to provide ankle joint stability in rough terrains. Currently it is unclear if the ankle joint is stabilized to an extent that protects against ankle injuries, and if so, to what degree this added ankle stability sacrifices ankle mobility and hence decreases efficient gait propulsion. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of shaft construction and stiffness on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during level and step-down walking to simulate hiking conditions.

Kinetics of activation marker expression after in vitro polyclonal stimulation of chicken peripheral T cells.

A comprehensive analysis of T cell activation markers in chicken is lacking. Kinetics of T cell activation markers (CD25, CD28, CD5, MHC-II, CD44, and CD45) in response to in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A (Con A) were evaluated between two chicken lines selected for high and low levels of mannose-binding lectin in serum (L10H and L10L, respectively) by flow cytometry. L10H chickens showed a stronger response to Con A based on the frequency of T cell blasts in both the CD4 and CD8 compartment.

Pustulan Activates Chicken Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and Promotes Ex Vivo CD4 T Cell Recall Response to Infectious Bronchitis Virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious avian coronavirus. IBV causes substantial worldwide economic losses in the poultry industry. Vaccination with live-attenuated viral vaccines, therefore, are of critical importance.

Estimation of Spinal Loading During Manual Materials Handling Using Inertial Motion Capture.

Musculoskeletal models have traditionally relied on measurements of segment kinematics and ground reaction forces and moments (GRF&Ms) from marked-based motion capture and floor-mounted force plates, which are typically limited to laboratory settings. Recent advances in inertial motion capture (IMC) as well as methods for predicting GRF&Ms have enabled the acquisition of these input data in the field. Therefore, this study evaluated the concurrent validity of a novel methodology for estimating the dynamic loading of the lumbar spine during manual materials handling based on a musculoskeletal model driven exclusively using IMC data and predicted GRF&Ms.

Identification and tissue-expression profiling of novel chicken c-type lectin-like domain containing proteins as potential targets for carbohydrate-based vaccine strategies.

C-type lectin-like domain containing proteins (CTLDcps) mainly bind carbohydrate-based ligands, but also other ligands. CTLDcps are involved in several biological processes including cell adhesion, cell-cell interactions, and pathogen recognition. Pathogen recognition by myeloid cells, e.

Remission of a Perimyocardial Melanoma Metastasis With Pembrolizumab Treatment.

Malignant melanoma demonstrates the highest rate of cardiac metastases. The incidence of melanoma is rising. The prognosis of people with advanced melanoma is generally poor.

Immunoprofiling of peripheral blood from infectious bronchitis virus vaccinated MHC-B chicken lines - Monocyte MHC-II expression as a potential correlate of protection.

Vaccination programs are implemented in poultry farms to limit outbreaks and spread of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is a substantial economic burden in the poultry industry. Immune correlates, used to predict vaccine efficacy, have proved difficult to find for IBV-vaccine-induced protection. To find correlates of IBV-vaccine-induced protection, hence, we employed a flow cytometric assay to quantify peripheral leucocyte subsets and expression of cell surface markers of six different non-vaccinated and vaccinated Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) haplotypes.

Rapid whole blood assay using flow cytometry for measuring phagocytic activity of chicken leukocytes.

Phagocytic activity of leukocytes in whole blood was assessed as a potential immune competence trait in chickens. A flow cytometry based whole blood phagocytosis (WBP) assay was set up and evaluated using blood from chickens homozygous for four different MHC haplotypes, B12, B15, B19 and B21. Fluorescent latex beads and two serotypes of fluorescently labelled heat-killed bacteria (Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella.

The effect of saddle nose width and cutout on saddle pressure distribution and perceived discomfort in women during ergometer cycling.

The objectives were 1) to design and produce two novel unpadded bicycle saddles with a wide/medium width and partial nose cutout; 2) to investigate the responses on pressure distribution and perceived discomfort in female cyclists. For comparison, a standard saddle was also tested. Nineteen female cyclists pedaled on an ergometer cycle for 20 min with each saddle in a counterbalanced order.

Mice Knocked Out for the Primary Brain Calcification-Associated Gene Slc20a2 Show Unimpaired Prenatal Survival but Retarded Growth and Nodules in the Brain that Grow and Calcify Over Time.

Brain calcification of especially the basal ganglia characterizes primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). PFBC is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms, and only symptomatic treatment is available. Four PFBC-associated genes are known; approximately 40% of patients carry mutations in the gene SLC20A2, which encodes the type III sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter PiT2.

Novel biomarkers for sepsis: A narrative review.

Background: Sepsis is a prevalent condition among hospitalized patients that carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Rapid recognition of sepsis as the cause of deterioration is desirable, so effective treatment can be initiated rapidly. Traditionally, diagnosis was based on presence of two or more positive SIRS criteria due to infection.

Primary Brain Calcification Causal PiT2 Transport-Knockout Variants can Exert Dominant Negative Effects on Wild-Type PiT2 Transport Function in Mammalian Cells.

Primary brain calcification (PBC) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by calcium-phosphate deposits in the basal ganglia and often also other areas of the brain. The prevalent clinical manifestations are cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and movement disorders. In recent years, monoallelic variants in SLC20A2, which encodes the type III sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (P) transporter 2 (PiT2), have been linked to the familial form of PBC in 40-50% of the families reported worldwide as well as to sporadic cases of PBC.

[Reversal strategies for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants].

Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are alternatives to vitamin K antagonists and provide consistent anticoagulation with equal or better clinical outcome and no need for routine monitoring. Bleeding is a feared complication of anticoagulants. Until recently, no specific agent has been available for reversal of NOACs.

Four-way-leaning test shows larger limits of stability than a circular-leaning test.

Introduction: Limits of stability (LOS) have extensive clinical and rehabilitational value yet no standard consensus on measuring LOS exists. LOS measured using a leaning or a circling protocol is commonly used in research and clinical settings, however differences in protocols and reliability problems exist.

Objective: This study measured LOS using a four-way-leaning test and a circular-leaning test to test which showed larger LOS measurements.

Nanomechanical Pyrolytic Carbon Resonators: Novel Fabrication Method and Characterization of Mechanical Properties.

Micro- and nanomechanical string resonators, which essentially are highly stressed bridges, are of particular interest for micro- and nanomechanical sensing because they exhibit resonant behavior with exceptionally high quality factors. Here, we fabricated and characterized nanomechanical pyrolytic carbon resonators (strings and cantilevers) obtained through pyrolysis of photoresist precursors. The developed fabrication process consists of only three processing steps: photolithography, dry etching and pyrolysis.

Primary culture of trigeminal satellite glial cells: a cell-based platform to study morphology and function of peripheral glia.

Primary cell culture provides an experimental platform in which morphology, physiology, and cell-cell communication pathways can be studied under a well-controlled environment. Primary cell cultures of peripheral and central glia offer unique possibilities to clarify responses and pathways to different stimuli. Peripheral glia, satellite glial cells (SGCs), which surround neuronal cell bodies within sensory ganglia, have recently been known as key players in inflammation and neuronal sensitization.