Steroidal glycoside profile differences among primary roots system and adventitious roots in Solanum dulcamara.

Solanum dulcamara primary and adventitious roots showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their steroidal glycosides profile. This opened new venues to evaluate the bioactivity of these molecules in belowground ecosystems. The Solanum genus is characterized by the presence of steroidal glycosides (SGs) that confer herbivore resistance and serve as drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry.

Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore L.

Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant-herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development.

Leaf herbivory counteracts nematode-triggered repression of jasmonate-related defenses in tomato roots.

Shoot herbivores may influence the communities of herbivores associated with the roots via inducible defenses. However, the molecular mechanisms and hormonal signaling underpinning the systemic impact of leaf herbivory on root-induced responses against nematodes remain poorly understood. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a model plant, we explored the impact of leaf herbivory by Manduca sexta on the performance of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Root infection by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita modulates leaf antiherbivore defenses and plant resistance to Spodoptera exigua.

Studies on plant-mediated interactions between root parasitic nematodes and aboveground herbivores are rapidly increasing. However, outcomes for the interacting organisms vary, and the mechanisms involved remain ambiguous. We hypothesized that the impact of root infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the performance of the aboveground caterpillar Spodoptera exigua is modulated by the nematode's infection cycle.

Distinctive prokaryotic microbiomes in sympatric plant roots from a Yucatan cenote.

Objective: Cenotes are flooded caves in Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. Many cenotes are interconnected in an underground network of pools and streams forming a vast belowground aquifer across most of the peninsula. Many plants in the peninsula grow roots that reach the cenotes water and live submerged in conditions similar to hydroponics.

The bacterium Pseudomonas protegens antagonizes the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a blend of toxins.

The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the bacterium Pseudomonas protegens serve as a model to study the interactions between photosynthetic and heterotrophic microorganisms. P. protegens secretes the cyclic lipopeptide orfamide A that interferes with cytosolic Ca homeostasis in C.

Effects of Water Availability in the Soil on Tropane Alkaloid Production in Cultivated .

Background: different Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae species produce tropane alkaloids. These alkaloids are the starting material in the production of different pharmaceuticals. The commercial demand for tropane alkaloids is covered by extracting them from cultivated plants.

Elucidating the Distribution of Plant Metabolites from Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Secondary metabolites of plants have important biological functions, which often depend on their localization in tissues. Ideally, a fresh untreated material should be directly analyzed to obtain a realistic view of the true sample chemistry. Therefore, there is a large interest for ambient mass-spectrometry-based imaging (MSI) methods.

Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. elevated tolerance to DO: its use for the production of highly deuterated metabolites.

The method introduced here to grow F. hygrometrica in high concentrations of D O is an excellent alternative to produce highly deuterated metabolites with broad applications in metabolic studies. Our mass spectrometry experiments strongly indicate the successful incorporation of deuterium into organic compounds.

Autopolyploidization, geographic origin, and metabolome evolution in .

Premise Of The Study: Autopolyploidy, or whole-genome duplication, is a recurrent phenomenon in plant evolution. Its existence can be inferred from the presence of massive levels of genetic redundancy revealed by comparative plant phylogenomics. Whole-genome duplication is theoretically associated with evolutionary novelties such as the development of new metabolic reactions and therefore contributes to the evolution of new plant metabolic profiles.

Cannibalism Affects Core Metabolic Processes in Helicoverpa armigera Larvae-A 2D NMR Metabolomics Study.

Cannibalism is known in many insect species, yet its impact on insect metabolism has not been investigated in detail. This study assessed the effects of cannibalism on the metabolism of fourth-instar larvae of the non-predatory insect Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidotera: Noctuidea). Two groups of larvae were analyzed: one group fed with fourth-instar larvae of H.

Artificial Autopolyploidization Modifies the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and GABA Shunt in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0.

Autopolyploidy is a process whereby the chromosome set is multiplied and it is a common phenomenon in angiosperms. Autopolyploidy is thought to be an important evolutionary force that has led to the formation of new plant species. Despite its relevance, the consequences of autopolyploidy in plant metabolism are poorly understood.

Determination of the absolute configuration of the glucosinolate methyl sulfoxide group reveals a stereospecific biosynthesis of the side chain.

Glucosinolates are plant metabolites containing an anionic nitrogeneous thioglucosidic core structure and a structurally diverse amino acid-derived side chain, which after hydrolysis by thioglucohydrolases (myrosinases) afford biological active degradation products such as nitriles and isothiocyanates. Structural diversity in glucosinolates is partially due to enzymatic modifications occurring on the preformed core structure, like the recently described oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides catalyzed by a flavin monooxygenase identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. The enzyme product, 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate, bears a chiral sulfoxide group in its side chain.

Nonuniform distribution of glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves has important consequences for plant defense.

The spatial distribution of plant defenses within a leaf may be critical in explaining patterns of herbivory. The generalist lepidopteran larvae, Helicoverpa armigera (the cotton bollworm), avoided the midvein and periphery of Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves and fed almost exclusively on the inner lamina. This feeding pattern was attributed to glucosinolates because it was not evident in a myrosinase mutant that lacks the ability to activate glucosinolate defenses by hydrolysis.

Abietane diterpenoids from the roots of some Mexican Salvia species (Labiatae): chemical diversity, phytogeographical significance, and cytotoxic activity.

From the roots of some Mexican Salvia species, classified in subgenus Jungia, several diterpenoids belonging to abietane (i.e., 3-7), salvifolane (9-->20,10-->6)-diabeoabietane) (i.

Glycine conjugates in a lepidopteran insect herbivore--the metabolism of benzylglucosinolate in the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae.

Herbivores have developed a wide array of countermeasures to overcome plants' chemical defences. Larvae of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, feed exclusively on plants of the Brassicales order, which are defended by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system. The defensive function of this system comes from toxic isothiocyanates that are formed when glucosinolates are hydrolysed by myrosinases upon tissue damage.