Sarcopenic obesity and physical function in acromegaly: impact of disease control and evaluation using dual X-ray absorptiometry and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Purpose: To assess sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical performance in patients with acromegaly and compare the diagnostic performance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 27 patients with acromegaly and 27 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched patients without acromegaly. Body composition was assessed using BIA and DXA.

Body Composition, Sarcopenia, and Serum Myokines in Acromegaly: A Narrative Review.

Patients with active acromegaly have a higher percentage of lean body mass, a lower percentage of fat body mass, and an increase in their extracellular water compartment compared to healthy individuals. However, muscle function appears to be compromised in patients with acromegaly, with some experiencing worsened physical performance and sarcopenia. Myokine alterations, insulin resistance, dysregulation of protein metabolism, muscle oxidative stress, neuromuscular junction impairment, and increased ectopic intramuscular fat deposits may play roles in muscle dysfunction in patients with acromegaly.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure Living in the Tropics.

Background And Objectives: Vitamin D, as a steroid hormone, has multiple effects on human body and its deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF) and unfavorable outcomes. The present study investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its relationship with cardiometabolic parameters in patients hospitalized for HF living in the city of Recife (latitude 8° South).

Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with men and women aged 40-64 years.

Comparison of intraocular lens tilt after capsular sutured scleral fixation with capsular segments versus uneventful cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare intraocular lens (IOL) tilt between uneventful phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL implantation and sutured scleral fixation (SSF) of the lens bag with a capsular tension segment (type 6 D / Morcher) using a Sheimpflug camera.

Setting: Clinical Practice, Hospital. Barcelona and A Coruña, Spain.

Hypopituitarism due to a Large Osteoclastoma Arising from the Sphenoid Bone Invading the Pituitary Fossa in a Patient with Parathyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma accounts for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This rare condition may present with severe hypercalcemia and bone complications such as osteoclastomas and pathologic fractures. Here, we present a rare condition of panhypopituitarism resulting from an osteoclastoma in the sphenoid bone that invaded the pituitary fossa due to parathyroid carcinoma.

Vitamin D Concentration Changes after Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery causes physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract that interfere with intestinal absorption and, consequently, with the nutritional status, especially about vitamin D. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin D levels and body composition of these patients in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) types of surgery.

Methods: The retrospective cohort study included a population of 120 patients aged between 18 and 65 years, with class II or III obesity, undergoing bariatric surgery procedures (VSG or RYGB-type).

Bone Mineral Density, Trabecular Bone Score and Fractures in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and fracture history of middle-aged patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF), as well as analyze the association of these factors with cardiometabolic parameters and muscle strength.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients aged 40 to 64 years hospitalized for HF was performed. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to obtain BMD and TBS.

Effects of Preoperative Sarcopenia-Related Parameters on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Women with Obesity Following Bariatric Surgery: A One-Year Prospective Study.

Objectives: Investigate changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in women with and without sarcopenia-related parameters who underwent bariatric surgery (BS) during a one-year follow-up.

Subjects And Methods: Women were separated into obesity (OB, n = 20) and women with obesity displaying sarcopenia-related parameters (SOP, n = 14) and evaluated before BS and 3, 6, and 12 months after BS. SOP was defined as low handgrip strength (HS) and/or low appendicular skeletal mass adjusted for weight (ASM/wt × 100, %) in the lowest quartile of the sample.

Effects of Rho-Associated Kinase (Rock) Inhibitors (Alternative to Y-27632) on Primary Human Corneal Endothelial Cells.

(1) Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade impacts a wide array of cellular events. For cellular therapeutics, scalable expansion of primary human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is crucial, and the inhibition of ROCK signaling using a well characterized ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) Y-27632 had been shown to enhance overall endothelial cell yield. (2) In this study, we compared several classes of ROCK inhibitors to both ROCK-I and ROCK-II, using in silico binding simulation.

A Framework for Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Culture and Preliminary Wound Model Experiments with a New Cell Tracking Approach.

Cell injection therapy is emerging as an alternative to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction (CED) and to avoid corneal scarring due to bullous keratopathy. However, establishing a standardized culture procedure that provides appropriate cell yield while retaining functional features remains a challenge. Here, we describe a detailed framework obtained from in vitro culture of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) and comparative in vivo experimental models for CED treatment with a new cell tracking approach.

The Role of Bisphosphonates Prior to Denosumab Treatment on Rebound Fractures: A Mini Review.

Denosumab is a potent anti-resorptive medication used to treat patients at high risk for osteoporosis; however, its beneficial effects on the skeletal system are quickly reversed after discontinuation. In contrast, bisphosphonates (BPs) are anti-resorptive agents with residual effects on the bone matrix; thus, these are capable of preserving bone mass for a long time. Therefore, subsequent anti-resorptive treatment with BPs is mandatory to prevent rebound fractures.

Long-term consequences of osteoporosis therapy with denosumab.

Denosumab (DMAb) is a human monoclonal antibody used as an antiresorptive drug in the treatment of osteoporosis. Approval at a dosage of 60 mg every 6 months was based on the results of the randomized, placebo-controlled trial (FREEDOM). The design of this 3-year study included an extension for up to 10 years.

Medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder resulting from the hyperfunction of one or more parathyroid glands, with hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). It can be managed by parathyroidectomy (PTX) or non-surgically. Medical therapy with pharmacological agents is an alternative for those patients with asymptomatic PHPT who meet guidelines for surgery but are unable or unwilling to undergo PTX.

Musculoskeletal effects of obesity and bariatric surgery - a narrative review.

Obesity affects several areas of the human body, leading to increased morbidity and mortality and the likelihood of other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. These conditions predispose to bone fractures and sarcopenic obesity, defined by the presence of an obesity-associated decrease in muscle mass and strength. Both bone fragility and sarcopenic obesity disease are consequences of several factors, such as a low degree of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, ectopic fat deposits and sedentary lifestyle.

Topical Losartan for Treating Corneal Fibrosis (Haze): First Clinical Experience.

Purpose: To report the first clinical experience with topical losartan for treating a case of severe corneal haze after complicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: A 36-year-old woman presented with corneal haze in the left eye after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK. The left eye had flap dislocation and significant striae, which had been re-lifted.

Skeletal consequences of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent clinical syndrome that causes significant physical limitations. Osteoporosis is also an important cause of loss of functionality, and it mainly affects women. There are several reports linking HF and osteoporosis, and both share risk factors.

Body Composition, Sarcopenia and Physical Performance After Bariatric Surgery: Differences Between Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass.

Purpose: Evaluate the differences between surgical techniques in the modifications of body composition and the interference in skeletal muscle health, risk of sarcopenia, and reduced physical performance.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study. A total of 71 patients, who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO).

Several drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over the last decades, most patients requiring pharmacological intervention were offered antiresorptive drugs as first-line therapy, while anabolic agents were considered a last resource for those with therapeutic failure. However, recent randomized trials in patients with severe osteoporosis have shown that anabolic agents reduce fractures to a greater extent than antiresorptive medications.

Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Since the last international guidelines were published in 2014 on the evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), new information has become available with regard to evaluation, diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, classical and nonclassical manifestations, surgical and nonsurgical approaches, and natural history. To provide the most current summary of these developments, an international group, consisting of over 50 experts in these various aspects of PHPT, was convened. This paper provides the results of the task force that was assigned to review the information on the management of PHPT.

Effect of corneal stromal lenticule customization on neurite distribution and excitatory property.

Introduction: Refractive stromal lenticules from Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), though usually discarded, hold a potential for various ophthalmic applications, including refractive correction, stromal volume expansion, and biomechanical strengthening of the cornea.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of lenticule customization on lenticule neurite length profile and the excitatory response (calcium signaling) and the potential of reinnervation.

Methods: Human and porcine stromal lenticules were treated by (1) excimer laser reshaping, (2) ultraviolet A-riboflavin crosslinking (CXL), and (3) decellularization by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively.