In Vitro Efficacy of (L.) Cav. Essential Oil Against Olive Phytopathogenic Fungi.

In recent years, the excessive use of pesticides has raised environmental and health concerns, which has led to research into natural alternatives. Essential oils may represent a sustainable solution to this problem. In this study, essential oils from (L.

Chemical, Sensory, and Nutraceutical Profiling, and Shelf-Life Assessment of High-Quality Extra Virgin Olive Oil Produced in a Local Area near Florence (Italy).

Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for high-quality extra virgin olive oils (HQ-EVOOs) with specific sensory or nutraceutical properties, and originating from particular botanical or geographical origins. Regarding geographic origin, Italy is one of the main producers, with many local production areas, each characterized by its own distinctive typicity. The aim of this study is the chemical, sensory, and nutraceutical profiling of HQ-EVOO produced over two production years in Montespertoli (province of Florence) by 12 producers involved in the "MontEspertOlio" project, funded by the Tuscan Region.

Identification and expression of the AREB/ABF/ABI5 subfamily genes in chickpea and lentil reveal major players involved in ABA-mediated defense response to drought stress.

This study identified and evaluated the expression of the AREB/ABF/ABI5 subfamily genes in chickpea and lentil, and revealed the major players involved in defense response to PEG-induced drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element-binding protein/ABRE-binding factor/ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (AREB/ABF/ABI5) subfamily proteins are major players in the ABA-mediated signaling pathway triggered by multiple stresses. AREB/ABF/ABI5 subfamily proteins belong to the basic-leucine zipper transcription factors that regulate the expression of several downstream defense genes to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Description of L. Italian Cultivars II: Genetic and Chemical Analysis.

L., present in Italy since ancient times, is represented by numerous cultivars grown in both southern and central regions. In recent years, local accessions, as a source of genetic biodiversity, have gained increasing interest for both genetic conservation and their agronomic characteristics, which are well suited for 'sustainable agriculture'.

Exploring wild Thymus sp. (L.) chemotypes across Pistoia Mountains provides thyme essential oil and hydrolate inhibiting fungal growth on paper.

Thymus sp. (L.) encompasses over 500 aromatic species distributed in the Mediterranean area, in dry, rocky environments up to 1800 m above sea level.

Shelf-life of flavoured olive oil with chili pepper: Comparison between co-milling fresh chili peppers with olives and typical infusion flavouring methods over 18 months of storage.

The aim was to study the shelf-life over 18 months of storage (no light and oxygen exposure) of chili peppers flavoured olive oils comparing flavouring methods of co-milling of fresh chili peppers with sound olives at mill scale with temporary and permanent infusion of dried chili peppers in olive oil. Tocopherols, secoiridoids and capsaicinoids by HPLC-DAD, volatile compounds by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and sensory profiles were studied. The decrease in tocopherols and secoiridoids was greater in "infusion" samples, while a significant increase in capsaicinoids was observed in "permanent infusion" samples.

Polyphenol-Rich Extracts from Agroindustrial Waste and Byproducts: Results and Perspectives According to the Green Chemistry and Circular Economy.

Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites found in plants endowed with multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer). In view of these properties, they find many applications and are used as active ingredients in nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. In accordance with green chemistry and circular economy strategies, they can also be recovered from agroindustrial waste and reused in various sectors, promoting sustainable processes.

Evaluation of the Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Compounds in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars.

Qualitative traits and chemical properties of 32 peach cultivars (yellow flesh and white flesh fruits) and 52 nectarine cultivars (yellow flesh and white flesh fruits) of different pomological characteristics is performed, and the correlation between cultivars and chemical characteristics is analyzed. Yellow nectarines have a higher variability in soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) values. Evaluation of color parameters (a*, b*, L*) shows a significant interaction between pulp color (white vs.

Sex Differences in X-ray-Induced Endothelial Damage: Effect of Taurine and N-Acetylcysteine.

Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce some associated pathological conditions due to numerous cell damages. The influence of sex is scarcely known, and even less known is whether the effect of antioxidants is sex-dependent. Given the increased use of IR, we investigated whether male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (MHUVECs) and female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (FHUVECs) respond differently to IR exposure and whether the antioxidants 10 mM taurine (TAU) and 5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can prevent IR-induced damage in a sex-dependent way.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Protection in Chronic Kidney Disease.

The high mortality related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not only due to the disease itself; in fact, CKD also represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Among the functional foods that seems to have cardioprotective action, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) plays a pivotal health-promoting role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effects of an EVOO containing a very high content (>900 ppm) of minor phenolic compounds (MPCs).

Analysis of aroma and polyphenolic compounds in Saperavi red wine vinified in Qvevri.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize a Georgian red wine from Saperavi grape, obtained in Qvevri (Georgian traditional winemaking method), by using innovative techniques for the determination of the polyphenolic content, aroma, and its correlation to the sensory characteristics. This peculiar red wine, after high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS/TOF (two-dimensional gas chromatography) chemical characterization showed a high polyphenol content (19.6 × 10 mg/L, 38.

Perspectives on spp. () bud extracts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from buds of , and were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS analysis and subsequently evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. ABTS and DPPH assays evidenced that showed the best antioxidant activity in line with its highest total phenolic content. The analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity clearly demonstrated that all extracts suppressed the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, Il-1β and TNF-α) and HMGB1 inflammatory danger signal.

Characterization of Volatile and Flavonoid Composition of Different Cuts of Dried Onion ( L.) by HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF and HPLC-DAD.

Onion is widely used worldwide in various forms for both food and medicinal applications, thanks to its high content of phytonutrients, such as flavonoids and volatile sulfur compounds. Fresh onion is very perishable and drying is widely applied for extending shelf-life, thus obtaining a very easy-to-use functional food ingredient. The flavonoid and volatile fractions of different onion cuts (flakes, rings) prepared through different drying cycles in a static oven, were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD, Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and Head-Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional Gas-Chromatography (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF).

Biogenic Amines, Phenolic, and Aroma-Related Compounds of Unroasted and Roasted Cocoa Beans with Different Origin.

Biogenic amines (BAs), polyphenols, and aroma compounds were determined by chromatographic techniques in cocoa beans of different geographical origin, also considering the effect of roasting (95, 110, and 125 °C). In all samples, methylxantines (2.22-12.

Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds Found in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil, By-Products, and Leaf of L.

L. fruit is a peculiar vegetal matrix containing high levels of fatty acids (98-99% of the total weight of extra-virgin olive oil, EVOO) and low quantities (1-2%) of phenolics, phytosterols, tocopherols, and squalene. Among these minor components, phenolics are relevant molecules for human health.

GC-MS and HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS Determination of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils and Hydrosols (By-Products) from Four Species Cultivated in Tuscany.

Essential oils are widely used as functional ingredients for potential multi-purpose functional uses. Hydrosols, co-products of the distillation of plant material, are used in food and cosmetic industries and in biological agriculture, but their volatile composition is poorly investigated. The volatile fractions of essential oils and hydrosols from four less-studied 1,8-cineol-rich species ( L.

Polyphenols and Volatile Compounds in Commercial Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Products.

Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott commercial products (dried fruit, juice and compote) were analyzed for their polyphenol content by chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses in order to ascertain the fate of this group of compounds when fresh fruit is processed and sold in different forms on the market. Different classes of polyphenols were investigated: hydroxycinnamic derivatives ranged from 0.

Phenolic composition of "bud extracts" of Ribes nigrum L., Rosa canina L. and Tilia tomentosa M.

Liquid preparations such as tinctures and "bud extracts" are typical products widely used in European countries but which have been poorly studied to date. Our research was focused on obtaining a phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites of black currant, dog rose and silver linden bud extracts and evaluating the changes of selected chemical markers over time. 16 different preparations have been analyzed by the use of HPLC-DAD-MS.

Analysis of volatile compounds in powdered milk for infant nutrition by direct desorption (CIS4-TDU) and GC-MS.

Direct thermal desorption coupled with the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TDU-CIS4-GC-MS) technique applied to powdered milk was used as a novel approach for the characterization and quantification, as relative abundance, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this study was to exploit the potential applications and setup conditions of the CIS4-TDU-GC-MS technique for the identification of oxidized or non-oxidized samples of powdered milk for infant nutrition, subjected to accelerated aging through the changes in their VOCs profile over time. Thermal desorption at 30°C and subsequent cryotrapping at -40°C with a Gerstel Liner-in-Liner system allowed a direct thermal desorption and cryotrapping of VOCs without any memory effect, thus avoiding sample preparation and contamination.

In vitro effects of extracts of extra virgin olive oil on human colon cancer cells.

The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. Recent interest has been focused on the biological activity of phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs). Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that EVOO components have positive effects on metabolic parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet function, and antimicrobial activity.

Minor polar compounds in extra virgin olive oil: correlation between HPLC-DAD-MS and the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method.

Minor polar compounds of 88 extra virgin olive oils were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry) and by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method, to validate and evaluate, for olive oils, the linear association between FC and HPLC data. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between HPLC and FC results. The highest, positive R were related with deacetoxyoleuropein aglycone (R = 0.

Phenolic distribution in liquid preparations of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis idaea L.

Introduction: Liquid preparations such as tinctures and 'bud extracts' of bilberry and lingonberry are typical products used in some European countries but they have not been widely studied to date.

Objective: Our aim was to define a phytochemical profile in terms of phenolic compounds for liquid preparations of Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) and Vaccinium vitis idaea L.

Simultaneous determination of anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolic acids in fruits, kernels and liqueur of Prunus mahaleb L.

In the fresh tissues of Prunus mahaleb L., three classes of phenolics were characterised: phenolic acid derivatives (main compound being o-coumaric acid glucoside), quercetin glycosides, and anthocyanins (cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-xylosyl-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside). Coumarin was also identified.

Effect of cooking on the anthocyanins, phenolic acids, glycoalkaloids, and resistant starch content in two pigmented cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L.

HPLC/DAD/MS analysis of the phenolic acids and anthocyanin content of three cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L. (Vitelotte Noire, Highland Burgundy Red, with pigmented flesh, and Kennebec with white pulp) was performed. The analyses were carried out both on fresh tubers and after cooking treatments (boiling and microwaves).