Encoding algorithms for somatotopic restoration of somatic sensations in the upper-limb: a systematic review.

Sensory feedback restoration represents a fundamental need for upper limb prosthesis users because it permits to feel somatic sensations during interactions with the environment. Considering the artificial sensory transduction, neuroprotheses should take advantage of effective encoding algorithms, which have the essential role, in the sensory feedback process, of coding the intended perception to the individual with the amputation. This paper presents a literature systematic review of the encoding algorithms employed for somatotopically restoring somatic sensations in upper limb of individuals with the intact arm or with an amputation.

SenseRisc: An instrumented smart shirt for risk prevention in the workplace.

The integration of wearable smart garments with multiple sensors has gained momentum, enabling real-time monitoring of users' vital parameters across various domains. This study presents the development and validation of an instrumented smart shirt for risk prevention in workplaces designed to enhance worker safety and well-being in occupational settings. The proposed smart shirt is equipped with sensors for collecting electrocardiogram, respiratory waveform, and acceleration data, with signal conditioning electronics and Bluetooth transmission to the mobile application.

Design of a testbed for mechanical and thermal stimulation in somatosensory studies.

To address the low repeatability and accuracy of traditional technologies for testing the human somatosensory system, this work presents a novel mechatronic testbed. The testbed allows for the delivery of mechanical and thermal stimuli with a high spatial resolution, enabling continuous or discrete stimulation with a small fixed area and in a single experimental session. The testbed was employed to identify the mechanical/thermal innocuous and painful thresholds and the human ability to distinguish the nature of a painful stimulus, on both the hand and the forearm of 12 healthy volunteers.

Restoring Somatotopic Sensory Feedback in Lower Limb Amputees through Noninvasive Nerve Stimulation.

Patients with lower limb amputation experience ambulation disorders since they rely exclusively on visual information in addition to the tactile information they receive from stump-socket interface. The lack of sensory feedback in commercial lower limb prostheses is essential in their abandonment by patients with transtibial amputation (TTA) or transfemoral amputation (TFA). Recent studies have obtained promising results using invasive interfaces with peripheral nervous system presenting drawbacks related to surgery.

Apnea Detection in newborns using abdominal IMU.

Over recent years, there has been an increase in cases of sudden postnatal collapse in apparently healthy newborns within the first 24 hours of life. Current monitoring systems struggle to identify episodes of apnea. This study proposes a solution: an electronic device designed to monitor abdominal movements associated with breathing in newborns, complemented by a user interface for information tracking.

Reproducing the caress gesture with an anthropomorphic robot: a feasibility study.

Social robots have been widely used to deliver emotional, cognitive and social support to humans. The exchange of affective gestures, instead, has been explored to a lesser extent, despite phyisical interaction with social robots could provide the same benefits as human-human interaction. Some studies that explored the touch and hugs gestures were found in literature, but there are no studies that investigate the possibility of delivering realistic caress gestures, which are, in turn, the easiest affective gestures that could be delivered with a robot.

A fuzzy-logic approach for longitudinal assessment of patients' psychophysiological state: an application to upper-limb orthopedic robot-aided rehabilitation.

Understanding the psychophysiological state during robot-aided rehabilitation is crucial for assessing the patient experience during treatments. This paper introduces a psychophysiological estimation approach using a Fuzzy Logic inference model to assess patients' perception of robots during upper-limb robot-aided rehabilitation sessions. The patients were asked to perform nine cycles of 3D point-to-point trajectories toward different targets at varying heights with the assistance of an anthropomorphic robotic arm (i.

A Sensory Feedback Neural Stimulator Prototype for Both Implantable and Wearable Applications.

The restoration of sensory feedback is one of the current challenges in the field of prosthetics. This work, following the analysis of the various types of sensory feedback, aims to present a prototype device that could be used both for implantable applications to perform PNS and for wearable applications, performing TENS, to restore sensory feedback. The two systems are composed of three electronic boards that are presented in detail, as well as the bench tests carried out.

A marker-based approach to determine the centers of rotation of finger joints.

Background And Objective: The methods proposed in literature to estimate the position of hand joints Centers of Rotation (CoRs) typically require computationally non-trivial optimization routines and exploit a high number of markers to calculate CoRs positions from surface marker trajectories. Moreover, most of the existing works evaluated the accuracy only in simulation. This work proposes a new procedure, based on the Pratt circle fit, to estimate joints CoRs position in 2D through marker-based acquisitions.

Nursing-engineering interdisciplinary research: A synthesis of methodological approach to perform healthcare-technology integrated projects.

In the dynamic landscape of contemporary healthcare, the imperative for advancing the frontiers of knowledge and improving patient outcomes necessitates a paradigm shift towards a multidisciplinary approach. This background great enhances a nurse's ability to interface with technology and create technical solutions such as robots, patient care devices, or computer simulation for patient care needs and nursing care delivery. This study aims to describe, through a narrative review of evidence, a methodology to develop and manager Nursing-Engineering interdisciplinary project, clarify the key points and facilitate professionals who are not very familiar with this topic.

Exploring the EMG transient: the muscular activation sequences used as novel time-domain features for hand gestures classification.

Introduction: Muscular activation sequences have been shown to be suitable time-domain features for classification of motion gestures. However, their clinical application in myoelectric prosthesis control was never investigated so far. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the robustness of these features extracted from the EMG signal in transient state, on the forearm, for classifying common hand tasks.

An ML-Based Approach to Reconstruct Heart Rate from PPG in Presence of Motion Artifacts.

The heart rate (HR) is a widely used clinical variable that provides important information on a physical user's state. One of the most commonly used methods for ambulatory HR monitoring is photoplethysmography (PPG). The PPG signal retrieved from wearable devices positioned on the user's wrist can be corrupted when the user is performing tasks involving the motion of the arms, wrist, and fingers.

Tailoring Upper-Limb Robot-Aided Orthopedic Rehabilitation on Patients' Psychophysiological State.

Physical therapy keeps exploiting more and more the capabilities of the robot of adapting the treatments to patients' needs. This paper aims at presenting a psychophysiological-aware control strategy for upper limb robot-aided orthopedic rehabilitation. The main features are the capability of i) generating point-to-point trajectories inside an adaptable workspace, ii) providing assistance in guiding the patients' limbs in accomplishing the assigned task allowing them to freely move with a certain degree of spatial and temporal autonomy and iii) tuning the control parameters according to the patients' kinematics performance and psychophysiological state.

Wearable High Voltage Compliant Current Stimulator for Restoring Sensory Feedback.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a promising technique for eliciting referred tactile sensations in patients with limb amputation. Although several studies show the validity of this technique, its application in daily life and away from laboratories is limited by the need for more portable instrumentation that guarantees the necessary voltage and current requirements for proper sensory stimulation. This study proposes a low-cost, wearable high-voltage compliant current stimulator with four independent channels based on Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS).

Affective state estimation based on Russell's model and physiological measurements.

Affective states are psycho-physiological constructs connecting mental and physiological processes. They can be represented in terms of arousal and valence according to the Russel's model and can be extracted from physiological changes in human body. However, a well-established optimal feature set and a classification method effective in terms of accuracy and estimation time are not present in the literature.

Hybrid brain/neural interface and autonomous vision-guided whole-arm exoskeleton control to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).

Background: The aging of the population and the progressive increase of life expectancy in developed countries is leading to a high incidence of age-related cerebrovascular diseases, which affect people's motor and cognitive capabilities and might result in the loss of arm and hand functions. Such conditions have a detrimental impact on people's quality of life. Assistive robots have been developed to help people with motor or cognitive disabilities to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) independently.

Treatment of the Paretic Hand with a Robotic Glove Combined with Physiotherapy in a Patient Suffering from Traumatic Tetraparesis: A Case Report.

Background: cervical spinal cord injury leads to loss of upper limb functionality, which causes a decrease in autonomy to perform activities of daily living. The use of robotic technologies in rehabilitation could contribute to improving upper limb functionality and treatment quality. This case report aims to describe the potential of robotic hand treatment with Gloreha Sinfonia, in combination with conventional rehabilitation, in a tetraparetic patient.

Hierarchical strategy for sEMG classification of the hand/wrist gestures and forces of transradial amputees.

Introduction: The myoelectric control strategy, based on surface electromyographic signals, has long been used for controlling a prosthetic system with multiple degrees of freedom. Several methods classify gestures and force levels but the simultaneous real-time control of hand/wrist gestures and force levels did not yet reach a satisfactory level of effectiveness.

Methods: In this work, the hierarchical classification approach, already validated on 31 healthy subjects, was adapted for the real-time control of a multi-DoFs prosthetic system on 15 trans-radial amputees.

A semi-autonomous robot control based on bone layer transition detection for a safe pedicle tapping.

Purpose: Automatic robotic platforms for robot-aided spinal surgery are mostly employed for drilling the pedicle screw path and do not adapt the tool rotational speed depending on the variation of the bone density. This feature is highly desirable in control strategies for robot-aided pedicle tapping, which may result in a poor quality thread if the surgical tool speed is not adequately tuned depending on the bone density to be threaded. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose a novel semi-autonomous control for robot-aided pedicle tapping that is able to (i) identify the bone layer transition, (ii) adapt the tool velocity depending on the detected bone layer density and (iii) stop the tool tip before propulsion of the bone boundaries.

Manipulation Tasks in Hazardous Environments Using a Teleoperated Robot: A Case Study at CERN.

Remote robotic systems are employed in the CERN accelerator complex to perform different tasks, such as the safe handling of cables and their connectors. Without dedicated control, these kinds of actions are difficult and require the operators' intervention, which is subjected to dangerous external agents. In this paper, two novel modules of the CERNTAURO framework are presented to provide a safe and usable solution for managing optical fibres and their connectors.

A Classification Method for Workers' Physical Risk.

In Industry 4.0 scenarios, wearable sensing allows the development of monitoring solutions for workers' risk prevention. Current approaches aim to identify the presence of a risky event, such as falls, when it has already occurred.

Development and Validation of a System for the Assessment and Recovery of Grip Force Control.

The ability to finely control hand grip forces can be compromised by neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, it is recommended to include the training and assessment of grip force control in rehabilitation therapy. The benefits of robot-mediated therapy have been widely reported in the literature, and its combination with virtual reality and biofeedback can improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Evaluation of the effects of focused ultrasound stimulation on the central nervous system through a multiscale simulation approach.

The lack of sensory feedback represents one of the main drawbacks of commercial upper limb prosthesis. Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (tFUS) seems to be a valid non-invasive technique for restoring sensory feedback allowing to deliver acoustic energy to cortical sensory areas with high spatial resolution and depth penetration. This paper aims at studying in simulation the use of tFUS on cortical sensory areas to evaluate its effects in terms of latency ad firing rate of the cells response, for understanding if these parameters influence the safety and the efficacy of the stimulation.