Hyaluronic Acid Hybrid Cooperative Complexes Nearing 10 Years of Use: Update on Safety Assessment Based on Post-Marketing Surveillance Data.

Background: Hybrid cooperative complex hyaluronic acid (HCC HA) is a novel, widely used injectable developed using the patented NAHYCO Hybrid Technology for the treatment of the face and body, respectively.

Aim: To examine the safety profile of HCC HA from global post-marketing surveillance data.

Methods: Post-marketing adverse events (AEs) reported for HCC HA injected to the face (Profhilo, HCC-HA, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl, Italy) from January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2023 and to the body (Profhilo Body, HCC-HA, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl, Italy) from January 1, 2020 to October 31, 2023 were analyzed.

Effects of a Combined Collagen Stimulation Procedure Consisting of 675 nm Laser Device and Hyaluronic Acid-Based Filler Injections for Facial Rejuvenation.

There has been an increase in interest in using in-office cosmetic treatments to promote collagen in the skin and deeper tissues. The current study assesses the safety and efficacy of the combination of a 675 nm laser wavelength and the injection of soft tissue fillers based on hyaluronic acid (HA) during facial rejuvenation treatments. A total of 16 patients treated for facial skin rejuvenation and reduction of facial laxity were divided into two groups: Group 1 underwent three sessions of a 675 nm laser system combined with three sessions of HA filler and Group 2 received three sessions of the 675 nm laser system alone.

Ethics in aesthetic practice: results from a survey of medical doctors attending aesthetic medicine programs in Italy.

Background: Within a rapidly evolving digital age in which social media plays a key role, the number of aesthetic medicine procedures performed globally is increasing.

Methods: Physicians who participated in training courses in aesthetic medicine in Italy run by two different medical societies SIME (International School of Aesthetic Medicine Carlo Alberto Bartoletti Foundation) and Agorà (Post-Graduate School of Aesthetic Medicine Agorà), completed a survey (November 2023 - January 2024) to assess their viewpoints on ethics in aesthetic medicine and findings combined.

Results: Of 452 physicians, 72.

Turning the tides: achieving rapid and safe glucose control in adolescents with suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed loop systems.

Aim: Many adolescents with T1D experience a decline in metabolic control due to erratic eating habits and subpar adherence to treatment regimens. The objective of our retrospective observational study was to assess the effect of the Tandem Control IQ (CIQ) advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system on a cohort of adolescents with suboptimal glucose control.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 20 non-adherent patients with T1D, who were inconsistently using Multiple Daily Injections (MDIs) and flash glucose monitoring and were subsequently started and on CIQ.

An Italian case series' description of thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome: importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Individuals with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) mainly manifest macrocytic anemia, sensorineural deafness, ocular complications, and nonautoimmune diabetes. Macrocytic anemia and diabetes may be responsive to high-dosage thiamine treatment, in contrast to sensorineural deafness. Little is known about the efficacy of thiamine treatment on ocular manifestations.

Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization with DC Beads LUMI in the Treatment of HCC: Experience from a Tertiary Centre.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy profiles of TACE using DC Beads LUMI.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with HCC who underwent TACE with DC Bead LUMI™ between November 2018 and November 2020 at Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Policlinico Hospital in Milan, Italy. Patient- and tumour-related factors were registered, including the number of treated lesions, dose of DC Beads LUMI™, dose of Epirubicin, DC Beads LUMI™ target tumour coverage (LC) according to the percentage of target nodule involvement (LC1-0%-25%, LC2-25%-50%, LC3-50%-75%, LC4 75%-100%).

A comparative study using insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring in newly diagnosed very young children with type 1 diabetes: it is possible to bend the curve of HbA1c.

Aims: The target of metabolic control (HbA1c < 7% or 53 mmol/mol) recommended by the ADA and ISPAD is attained by 30% of children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Advances in technologies for T1D aim to improve metabolic outcomes and reduce complications. This observational study assesses the long-term outcomes of advanced technologies for treatment of T1D compared to conventional approach started at onset in a group of very young children with T1D.

Paediatric Wolfram syndrome Type 1: should gonadal dysfunction be part of the diagnostic criteria?

Aims: Wolfram Syndrome Spectrum Disorder (WFS1-SD), in its "classic" form, is a rare autosomal recessive disease with poor prognosis and wide phenotypic spectrum. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA) diabetes insipidus (DI) and sensorineural deafness (D) are the main features of WFS1-SD. Gonadal dysfunction (GD) has been described mainly in adults with variable prevalence and referred to as a minor clinical feature.

Impact of sub-optimal HIV viral control on activated T cells.

Objective: HIV viral load (VL) monitoring is generally conducted 6-12 monthly in low- and middle-income countries, risking relatively prolonged periods of poor viral control. We explored the effects of different levels of loss of viral control on immune reconstitution and activation.

Design: Two hundred and eight participants starting protease inhibitor (PI)-based second-line therapy in the EARNEST trial (ISRCTN37737787) in Uganda and Zimbabwe were enrolled and CD38 + /HLA-DR + immunophenotyping performed (CD8-FITC/CD38-PE/CD3-PerCP/HLA-DR-APC; centrally gated) in real-time at 0, 12, 48, 96 and 144 weeks from randomization.

Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Introduction: Despite the use of technology, recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) prevention remains an unmet need in children and adolescents with T1D and may be accompanied by life-threatening acute complications. We present a rare case of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) with overt manifestation after DKA resolution and a discussion of recent literature addressing DKA-associated NOMI epidemiology and pathogenesis in children and adolescents.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old female with previously diagnosed T1D, was admitted at our emergency department with hypovolemic shock, DKA, hyperosmolar state and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Inflammatory pathways amongst people living with HIV in Malawi differ according to socioeconomic status.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increased amongst people living with HIV (PLWH) and are driven by persistent immune activation. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in immune activation amongst PLWH is unknown, especially in low-income sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where such impacts may be particularly severe.

Methods: We recruited Malawian adults with CD4<100 cells/ul two weeks after starting ART in the REALITY trial (NCT01825031), as well as volunteers without HIV infection.

The impact of viraemia on inflammatory biomarkers and CD4+ cell subpopulations in HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: To determine the impact of virological control on inflammation and cluster of differentiation 4 depletion among HIV-infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Methods: In a sub-study of the ARROW trial (ISRCTN24791884), we measured longitudinal HIV viral loads, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble CD14) and (Uganda only) whole blood immunophenotype by flow cytometry in 311 Zimbabwean and Ugandan children followed for median 3.

Inflammatory Phenotypes Predict Changes in Arterial Stiffness Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.

Background: Inflammation drives vascular dysfunction in HIV, but in low-income settings causes of inflammation are multiple, and include infectious and environmental factors. We hypothesized that patients with advanced immunosuppression could be stratified into inflammatory phenotypes that predicted changes in vascular dysfunction on ART.

Methods: We recruited Malawian adults with CD4 <100 cells/μL 2 weeks after starting ART in the REALITY trial (NCT01825031).

Microvascular function in pre-eclampsia is influenced by insulin resistance and an imbalance of angiogenic mediators.

In preeclampsia, maternal microvascular function is disrupted and angiogenesis is dysfunctional. Insulin resistance that occurs in some pregnancies also pathologically affects microvascular function. We wished to examine the relationship of angiogenic mediators and insulin resistance on microvascular health in pregnancy.

Relationship between insulin resistance and circulating endothelial cells in pre-eclampsia.

Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are established features of pre-eclampsia, however the cause and effect relationship between them remain unexplained. Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are increased in pre-eclampsia and appear to correlate with the degree of endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesised that CEC count in pre-eclampsia would correlate with IR and might provide a simple measure of IR in pregnancies complicated by the disease.

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 regulates nitric oxide synthesis and hemodynamics and determines outcome in polymicrobial sepsis.

Objective: Nitric oxide is a key to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Nitric oxide production is regulated endogenously by 2 methylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and monomethyl-L-arginine. The enzyme that specifically metabolizes asymmetric dimethylarginine and monomethyl-L-arginine is dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH).

Extended extraocular phenotype of PROM1 mutation in kindreds with known autosomal dominant macular dystrophy.

Mutations in prominin 1 (PROM1) have been shown to result in retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration and cone-rod dystrophy. Because of the putative role of PROM1 in hippocampal neurogenesis, we examined two kindreds with the same R373C PROM1 missense mutation using our established paradigm to study brain structure and function. As the protein encoded by PROM1, known as CD133, is used to identify stem/progenitor cells that can be found in peripheral blood and reflect endothelial reparatory mechanisms, other parameters were subsequently examined that included measures of vascular function, endothelial function and angiogenic capacity.

Developmental regulation of GTP-CH1 in the porcine lung and its relationship to pulmonary vascular relaxation.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in lowering pulmonary vascular resistance after birth. However, in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) NO-mediated dilation is dysfunctional. GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GTP-CH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity.

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity modulates ADMA levels, VEGF expression, and cell phenotype.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and is metabolised by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Elevated levels of circulating ADMA correlate with various cardiovascular pathologies less is known about the cellular effects of altered DDAH activity. We modified DDAH activity in cells and measured the changes in ADMA levels, morphological phenotypes on Matrigel, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginines is regulated in the lung developmentally and with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypobaric hypoxia.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important part in lowering pulmonary vascular resistance after birth, and in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), NO-mediated dilation is dysfunctional. The endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) circulates in plasma, and its concentrations are elevated in certain cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. ADMA is metabolized by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), the activity of which regulates ADMA concentrations and provides a mechanism for modulating NO synthase in vivo.

all-trans-Retinoic acid increases nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells: a role for the induction of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase.

all-trans-Retinoic acid (atRA) has important effects on the developing and mature cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide (NO) production has been associated with the atRA-induced differentiation of neuronal cells, and we hypothesized that NO may also mediate certain actions of atRA in the cardiovascular system. We studied the effects of atRA on NO production by endothelial cells and determined whether regulation of enzymes responsible for metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) contributed to the effects seen.