Vestibular dysfunction: a hidden risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: London taxi drivers' navigationally challenged hippocampi are known to be enlarged, and reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related mortality has recently been shown in similarly well-versed drivers, implying a neuroprotective effect through hippocampal engagement. Vestibular function has been linked to hippocampal size, suggesting that vestibular input may influence AD risk.

Methods: Including 16 known modifiable lifestyle factors as covariates, we analyzed UK Biobank (UKB) volunteers aged over 55 years and without dementia at baseline to assess how peripheral vestibular dysfunction (PVD) influences the likelihood of an AD diagnosis.

Different Patterns of Autoantibody Secretion by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Autoimmune Nodopathies.

Background And Objectives: Autoimmune nodopathies with antibodies against the paranodal proteins show a distinct phenotype of a severe sensorimotor neuropathy. In some patients, complete remission can be achieved after treatment with rituximab whereas others show a chronic course. For optimal planning of treatment, predicting the course of disease and therapeutic response is crucial.

TMS of the left primary motor cortex improves tremor intensity and postural control in primary orthostatic tremor.

A ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical network is the pathophysiological correlate of primary orthostatic tremor. Affected patients often do not respond satisfactorily to pharmacological treatment. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to examine the effects of a non-invasive neuromodulation by theta burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) on tremor frequency, intensity, sway path and subjective postural stability in primary orthostatic tremor.

Functional connectivity MRI provides an imaging correlate for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-associated neurotoxicity.

Background: Treatment of hematological malignancies with chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CART) is highly efficient, but often limited by an immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). As conventional MRI is often unremarkable during ICANS, we aimed to examine whether resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is suitable to depict and quantify brain network alterations underlying ICANS in the individual patient.

Methods: The dysconnectivity index (DCI) based on rsfMRI was longitudinally assessed in systemic lymphoma patients and 1 melanoma patient during ICANS and before or after clinical resolution of ICANS.

Neurofilament light chain serum levels correlate with the severity of neurotoxicity after CAR T-cell treatment.

Antitumor therapy with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells is highly efficient. However, treatment is often complicated by a unique profile of unpredictable neurotoxic adverse effects of varying degrees known as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). We examined 96 patients receiving CAR T cells for refractory B-cell malignancies at 2 major CAR T-cell treatment centers to determine whether serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of neuroaxonal injury, correlate with the severity of ICANS.

Reflexive and Intentional Saccadic Eye Movements in Migraineurs.

Migraine has been postulated to lead to structural and functional changes of different cortical and subcortical areas, including the frontal lobe, the brainstem, and cerebellum. The (sub-)clinical impact of these changes is a matter of debate. The spectrum of possible clinical differences include domains such as cognition but also coordination.

Coronary artery calcification score in migraine patients.

Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular events in migraineurs. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this observation remain largely unknown. Recent genetic and epidemiologic studies suggest, that atherosclerosis might be the overlapping pathophysiological mechanism in migraine and coronary heart disease.

Gait analysis in PSP and NPH: Dual-task conditions make the difference.

Objective: To test whether quantitative gait analysis of gait under single- and dual-task conditions can be used for a differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, temporal and spatial gait parameters were analyzed in 38 patients with PSP (Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy diagnostic criteria), 27 patients with iNPH (international iNPH guidelines), and 38 healthy controls. A pressure-sensitive carpet was used to examine gait under 5 conditions: single task (preferred, slow, and maximal speed), cognitive dual task (walking with serial 7 subtractions), and motor dual task (walking while carrying a tray).

Clinical evaluation of the bed cycling test.

Objective: Additionally to the forearm rolling test to detect mild unilateral upper limb dysfunction, the bed cycling test (BCT) for detection of mild to moderate lower limb dysfunction was developed, evaluated and compared to the leg holding test.

Methods: In a prospective observer-blinded study, 60 patients with MRI/CT-proven focal cerebral hemisphere lesions and a mild to moderate unilateral paresis of the lower limb (graduated MRC 3-4/5), and 60 control persons with normal imaging were examined and filmed. Nine observers blinded to the diagnosis evaluated these videos.