Worldwide trends in all-cause mortality of auto-immune systemic diseases between 2001 and 2014.

Aim: To describe changes in the 2001-2014 mortality of 6 autoimmune systemic diseases (AISDs), namely Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) at the country-, continent-, and world-levels.

Methods: Mortality data were retrieved from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each disease, based on ICD-10 codes. We computed age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) as the estimated number of deaths per million inhabitants and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI).

Spotlight on anifrolumab and its potential for the treatment of moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence to date.

Previous reports have described the appearance of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases following interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy, IFN-regulated gene expression is significantly increased in SLE, and an association between SLE and gene variants belonging to IFN downstream pathways has been shown. Based on this, targeting of IFN and of their signaling pathways has appeared to be interesting developments within the field of SLE therapy. Different specific type I IFN antagonists have been studied in clinical trials and some of those have already reached Phase III.

The world-wide burden of musculoskeletal diseases: a systematic analysis of the World Health Organization Burden of Diseases Database.

Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases are expected to have a growing impact worldwide.

Objective: To analyse the worldwide burden of MSK diseases from 2000 to 2015.

Methods: Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which combines the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs), were extracted for 183 countries from the WHO Global Health Estimates Database.

10 most important contemporary challenges in the management of SLE.

From a 1-year survival of less than 50% before the discovery of glucocorticoids to over 90% at 10 years in most dedicated centres, the spectrum of SLE has profoundly evolved. Despite this improvement, several major challenges currently remain. The aim of this review is to analyse what are, according to us, the 10 most important contemporary challenges in the management of SLE.

Defective BTLA functionality is rescued by restoring lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells.

Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. The role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans and, more specifically, in SLE is largely unknown.