Evaluation of imaging techniques for early detection of intrathoracic cancers in symptomatic patients in primary care: a systematic review.

Objectives: Intrathoracic cancers, such as lung cancer, mesothelioma and thymoma, represent diagnostic challenges in primary care. We aimed to summarise evidence on the performance of imaging techniques that could aid the detection of intrathoracic cancers in low prevalence settings.

Design: Systematic review and quality appraisal using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Can cognitive function tests discriminate between patients with glioma and healthy controls prior to treatment? A systematic review.

Background: Brain tumours affect 7 per 100,000 people in the UK, glioma being most prevalent, with only 12% five-year survival rates and devastating impacts. Primary care triage tools could facilitate earlier detection of glioma. One option for triage is cognitive function testing.

Health Care Workers' Perspectives on the Barriers and Facilitators to Digital Health Technology Use to Support Symptomatic Cancer Diagnosis in Southern Africa: Qualitative Study.

Background: Despite improvements in early cancer diagnosis worldwide, morbidity and mortality in Southern Africa continue to rise owing to challenges with funding, sociocultural beliefs, and health care access. Digital health ("eHealth") has the potential to expand access to health care, particularly to remote communities. However, few studies explored the use of eHealth to support symptomatic cancer diagnosis in Southern Africa.

Exploring how and why attributes of existing and emerging early cancer detection tests influence experiences and participation among individuals at risk of socioeconomic disadvantage: A qualitative interview study.

Background: Emerging sample biomarker tests promise to improve early cancer detection, but also stand to influence socioeconomic inequalities in uptake of asymptomatic screening and symptomatic referrals.

Objective: To explore how and why different attributes of early cancer detection tests influence experiences and participation across test modalities and contexts among individuals at risk of socioeconomic disadvantage.

Method: Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 30 individuals (aged ≥50 years) at risk of socioeconomic disadvantage explored how and why different attributes of early cancer detection tests affected their experiences and participation across test modalities and contexts.

The implementation challenge of computerised clinical decision support systems for the detection of disease in primary care: systematic review and recommendations.

Background: Early detection of diseases in primary care is crucial for timely treatment and better outcomes. Complex care demands and limited resources can make early detection challenging. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) aim to improve the diagnostic process.

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer in electronic health records: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Pancreatic cancer has poor survival because of predominantly advanced-stage diagnosis. One strategy for improving outcomes is earlier identification, possibly achievable by enhanced surveillance or improved risk prediction modelling. This umbrella review updates previous evidence with a comprehensive assessment of factors which could inform risk assessments.

Challenges and facilitators in pathways to cancer diagnosis in Southern Africa: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore healthcare workers' (HCWs) experiences, barriers and facilitators in managing patients with symptoms of possible breast, cervical or colorectal cancer.

Design: A qualitative in-depth interview study with HCWs managing patients with breast, cervical and colorectal cancer symptoms. We also conducted workshops with a group of HCWs to check the credibility of the interview findings.

Diagnostic Risk Prediction Models for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are often detected late. Risk prediction models could facilitate earlier detection by identifying patients at risk for further investigation. We systematically reviewed evidence on UGI diagnostic risk prediction models.

Primary care online training on multifactorial breast cancer risk: pre-post evaluation study.

Background: It is estimated that>250,000 women in the United Kingdom (UK) are at increased risk of breast cancer, but only a small fraction are identified. Digital tools, such as CanRisk, enable multifactorial breast cancer risk assessment. Implementation of such tools within primary care would allow primary care professionals (PCPs) to reassure women at population-level risk and identify those at increased risk who will benefit most from targeted prevention or early detection.

Implementation of mHealth to support cancer diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

Background:  A reduction in communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over recent decades has led to an increased life expectancy and non-communicable diseases such as cancer. However, cancer services in SSA remain inadequate. With increasing mobile use, mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to expand healthcare access.

Cardiovascular disease burden and risk factor management in cancer survivors: insights into a multiethnic, socioeconomically deprived urban population.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and risk factor management among cancer survivors, especially in socioeconomically deprived, multiethnic populations, remain understudied. This study examines CVD burden and risk factor control in survivors of 20 cancer types within a diverse urban population.

Methods: This matched cohort study used electronic health records from 127 urban primary care practices.

Early presentations of dementia in a diverse population.

Introduction: Improved recognition of non-cognitive presentations of dementia could reduce inequalities in dementia diagnosis, particularly if sociocultural factors influence help-seeking for cognitive symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study using electronic healthcare records from primary care practices in East London, United Kingdom, to assess associations between prediagnostic presentations to primary care and subsequent dementia diagnosis.

Results: We included 4137 individuals with a dementia diagnosis and 15,754 controls in the matched analysis.

User and Developer Views on Using AI Technologies to Facilitate the Early Detection of Skin Cancers in Primary Care Settings: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study.

Background: Skin cancers, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers, are among the most common cancers worldwide, and their incidence is rising in most populations. Earlier detection of skin cancer leads to better outcomes for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been applied to skin cancer diagnosis, but many technologies lack clinical evidence and/or the appropriate regulatory approvals.

Comparing cancer stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants: a meta-analysis.

Background: Migrants face barriers accessing healthcare, risking delays in cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic delays result in later stage diagnosis which is associated with poorer cancer survival. This review aims to compare the differences in cancer stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants.

Clinical risk factors for pancreatic cancer: protocol for an umbrella review.

Introduction: Identifying cancer earlier can help save lives. An increasingly popular approach to diagnosing cancer earlier is in the development of risk prediction models to be applied to the electronic healthcare record of patients. Development of these models requires systematic and thorough identification of the risk factors that might increase an individual's propensity to develop the disease.

Biomarkers Suitable for Early Detection of Intrathoracic Cancers in Primary Care: A Systematic Review.

Intrathoracic cancers, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma, present diagnostic challenges in primary care. Biomarkers could resolve some challenges. We synthesized evidence on biomarker performance for intrathoracic cancer detection in low-prevalence settings.

Early economic evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer detection in primary care.

Objectives: To explore the potential impacts of incorporating prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging into primary care as a triage test within the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway.

Subjects And Methods: Decision analytic modelling with decision trees was utilised for this early economic evaluation. A conceptual model was developed reflecting the common primary care routes to diagnosis for prostate cancer: opportunistic, asymptomatic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening or symptomatic presentation.

Predictive Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Cancer Survivors From the UK Biobank.

Background: Cardiovascular preventive strategies are guided by risk scores with unknown validity in cancer cohorts.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of 7 established cardiovascular risk scores in cancer survivors from the UK Biobank.

Methods: The predictive performance of QRISK3, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2)/Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation for Older Persons (SCORE-OP), Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent Heart Failure (PCP-HF), CHARGE-AF, QStroke, and CHADS-VASc was calculated in participants with and without a history of cancer.

Hematuria Cancer Risk Score with Ultrasound Informs Cystoscopy Use in Patients with Hematuria.

Background: Hematuria is a cardinal symptom of urinary tract cancer and would require further investigations.

Objective: To determine the ability of renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) with the Hematuria Cancer Risk Score (HCRS) to inform cystoscopy use in patients with hematuria.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The development cohort comprised 1984 patients with hematuria from 40 UK hospitals (DETECT 1; ClinicalTrials.

Acceptability of magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis with patients and GPs: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a new, more accurate, non-invasive test for prostate cancer diagnosis.

Aim: To understand the acceptability of MRI for patients and GPs for prostate cancer diagnosis.

Design And Setting: Qualitative study of men who had undergone a prostate MRI for possible prostate cancer, and GPs who had referred at least one man for possible prostate cancer in the previous 12 months in West London and Devon.