Ventilator-associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most prevalent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU), accounting for more than 30 % of the overall costs for all healthcare-associated infections. VAP leads to poor outcomes, such as increased duration of mechanical ventilation, prolonged length of ICU stay and increased mortality rates for up to five years after discharge. The pathophysiology of VAP is complex, attributable to the colonisation of abnormal microbiota and micro-aspiration risks associated with mechanical ventilation and critical illness, and thus its prevention and treatment is complex.

Biomarkers for pneumonia after major trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Major trauma is a significant global health issue. Pneumonia poses an additional risk for morbidity and mortality after major trauma yet identifying pneumonia remains challenging in clinical practice. This systematic review aims to evaluate blood-based biomarkers for pneumonia in major trauma patients.

Transitioning to a virtual post-intensive care rehabilitation service in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: results of multidisciplinary focus-groups.

Background: Telehealth has vastly expanded since the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and has been widely implemented as an efficient, cost-effective and accepted means of health care delivery, including rehabilitation. Although telerehabilitation is recommended across national guidelines, there is a lack of practical guidance to support clinicians with virtual adaptations.

Aims: This study aimed to describe the key components of a safe and effective virtual post-intensive-care rehabilitation service, through qualitative exploration.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) affects up to 20% of critically ill patients and induces significant antibiotic prescription pressure, accounting for half of all antibiotic use in the ICU. VAP significantly increases hospital length of stay and healthcare costs yet is also associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of VAP continues to present challenges and pitfalls for the currently available clinical, radiological and microbiological diagnostic armamentarium.

Early mobilisation for prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Does early mobilisation as standalone or part of a bundle intervention, compared to usual care, prevent and/or shorten delirium in adult patients in Intensive Care Units?

Background: Early mobilisation is recommended for the prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients, but the evidence remains inconclusive.

Method: Systematic literature search in Pubmed, CINAHL, PEDRo, Cochrane from inception to March 2022, and hand search in previous meta-analysis. Included were randomized trials or quality-improvement projects.

Virtual Post-Intensive-Care Rehabilitation for Survivors of COVID-19: A Service Evaluation.

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety, utilisation, and effectiveness of a novel, virtual rehabilitation programme for survivors of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection (COVID-19) and intensive care admission.

Methods: A service evaluation was performed. Adults admitted to a United Kingdom intensive care unit with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure and surviving hospital discharge were invited to an eight-week rehabilitation programme.

Mobilization in the evening to prevent delirium: A pilot randomized trial.

Background: Delirium is a common complication in patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Interventions such as mobilization are effective in the prevention and treatment of delirium, although this is usually completed during the daytime.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of mobilization in the evening to prevent and treat ICU patients from delirium by an additional mobility team over 2 weeks.

The state of mixed methods research in nursing: A focused mapping review and synthesis.

Aims: To consider the scope and quality of mixed methods research in nursing.

Design: Focused mapping review and synthesis (FMRS).

Data Sources: Five purposively selected journals: International Journal of Nursing Studies, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, and Journal of Mixed Methods Research.