DNA methylation biomarkers for cervical cancer risk prediction in HIV-positive Nigerian women.

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Western sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria. While global CC incidence and mortality have declined, these regions continue to face high rates due to inadequate screening and the high prevalence of HIV, which increases CC risk by promoting persistent HPV infections. This study aimed to identify DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC in HIV-positive Nigerian women and to assess their potential for clinical risk prediction.

The impact of a communal multidisciplinary tumour board on medical education.

Introduction: Numerous challenges hinder the development of multidisciplinary medical education in a resource-constrained environment. Communal tumour boards built through networking could be a suitable model for the effective management of diseases and enhancement of medical education. This study evaluated the impact of an integrated care pathway for patients with musculoskeletal tumours via multi-institutional networking in a metropolis.

Cell-free DNA methylation-based inflammation score as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma among people living with HIV.

Background: People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at a greater risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), potentially due to the stimulation of inflammation by HIV infection. Inflammation-related DNA methylation signatures obtained in liquid biopsy, such as circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), may serve as promising minimally invasive biomarkers that can inform diagnosis of HCC.

Methods: Using data from 249 individuals with HIV (114 individuals with normal liver conditions, 69 with fibrosis, 30 with cirrhosis, and 36 with HCC), we constructed a cfDNA methylation-based inflammation score (inflammation-DNAm score) based on 54 CpGs previously associated with circulating C-reactive protein concentrations.

Analysis of Risk Factors, Treatment Patterns, and Survival Outcomes After Emergency Presentation With Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Nigeria.

Background And Objectives: Prospective data on presentation and outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Nigeria are limited; however, emergency presentation with advanced disease is thought common.

Methods: Consecutive CRC patients presenting at six sites over 6 years were included. Risk factors for emergency presentation were evaluated using logistic regression methods.

The African Research Group for Oncology: A decade fostering colorectal cancer research in Nigeria.

The African Research Group for Oncology (ARGO) was formed in 2013 to undertake methodologically rigorous cancer research in Nigeria, and to strengthen cancer research capacity in the country through training and mentorship of physicians, scientists, and other healthcare workers. Here, we describe how ARGO's work in colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved over the past decade. This includes the consortium's scientific contributions to the understanding of CRC in Nigeria and globally and its research capacity-building program.

Preputial cyst in the newborn: A case report from Africa.

Cysts of the prepuce are rare, and documented reports from the English literature are mostly from Asia. Presentations in children are worrisome to the parents. We report a case of a preputial cyst occurring in a neonate who was brought to our facility due to parental anxiety.

Cervical Epithelial Abnormalities and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Women in Lagos, Nigeria: A Cytology-Based Study.

Introduction: As it may not be feasible to provide cervical cancer screening services to all HIV-infected women in most resource-limited settings, there is a need to identify those who are most at risk. We determined the prevalence, patterns, and associated factors of cervical cytological abnormalities among HIV-infected women in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected women at the adult HIV treatment and colposcopy clinics of a university teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, between October 2018 and December 2019.

Clinicopathological features, risk profile assessment, and the surgical outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are most commonly found in the stomach. Most available reports on GISTs in the Sub-Sahara Africa were in case reports and case series.

Pit Pattern Analysis of Colorectal Polyps using Storz Professional Image Enhancement System (SPIES) Endoscopy: A Pilot Study.

Background: Endoscopic management of colorectal polyps includes detection, characterization, and therapeutic strategies. Pit pattern analysis is a useful tool when differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps.

Aim: To correlate pit pattern characterization of colorectal polyps using SPIES endoscopy and the histopathology.

Mitoquinol mesylate (MITOQ) attenuates diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems.

Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model associates cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups.

Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing: a community-based, cross-sectional study in average-risk individuals in Nigeria.

Background: The estimated incidence of colorectal cancer is rising in Nigeria, where most patients present with advanced disease. Earlier detection of colorectal cancer is a goal of the Nigerian National Cancer Control Plan, but the utility of fecal-based screening is unclear. This study aimed to assess the fecal immunochemical test as a colorectal cancer screening modality in average-risk individualS in Nigeria.

Accelerated Epigenetic Age Among Women with Invasive Cervical Cancer and HIV-Infection in Nigeria.

Background: Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is a serious public health burden in Nigeria, where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains highly prevalent. Previous research suggested that epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) could play a role in detection of HIV-associated ICC. However, little research has been conducted on this topic in Africa where the population is most severely affected by HIV-associated ICC.

Molecular mechanism of mitoquinol mesylate in mitigating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma-in silico and in vivo studies.

The safety and efficacy of mitoquinol mesylate (MitoQ) in attenuating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Wistar rats has been reported. However, the binding modes for MitoQ as well as its molecular mechanisms in cirrhosis and liver cancer have not been fully investigated. This study sought to understand the structural and molecular mechanisms of MitoQ in modulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in cirrhotic-HCC rats.

The diagnostic utility of cell block in fine needle aspiration cytology of palpable breast lesions in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.

Background: Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is highly accurate for detecting breast malignancies, concerns remain among cytopathologists about false-positive and false-negative diagnoses. Cell block (CB) preparations have been advocated by some cytopathologists as one of the methods to improve and consolidate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of CB in FNAC of palpable breast lesions among female patients.

Pathology Services in Nigeria: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From Three Cancer Consortia.

Purpose: Cancer incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the capacity of pathology laboratories in this region. We aimed to assess the current state of pathology services in Nigeria to guide strategies to ensure best practices and improve the quality of surgical specimen handling.

Methods: We developed structured pathology survey to assess tissue handling, sample processing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) capabilities.

Breast Cancer in a Lagos Facility: Implications for the Institution of a Cancer Screening Programme.

Objective: There are significant epidemiological and biological differences between breast cancer in blacks and whites which have wide-reaching implications for the institution of an effective cancer screening programme in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features of breast cancer diagnosed in our facility and to discuss their implications for cancer screening.

Methods: A retrospective review of the forms, slides, and results of breast cancer cases received in our facility over an 8-year period was carried out, as well as a systematic review of the characteristics of breast cancer in Nigeria, Africa, the US, and the UK.

Histopathological report of colorectal carcinoma resections: A 5-year audit in Lagos.

Background: Complete and accurate pathology reporting of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) resection specimen is critical to clinical management of individual patients. The study aims to audit colorectal cancer histopathology reporting in Lagos between 2011 and 2015 before the adoption of the Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria pro forma in 2016.

Materials And Methods: All resected CRC cases were identified from the Histopathology record of our Department and that of a private Laboratory in Lagos over a 5-year from 2011 to 2015.

Helicobacter pylori strains from a Nigerian cohort show divergent antibiotic resistance rates and a uniform pathogenicity profile.

Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori is a factor preventing its successful eradication. Particularly in developing countries, resistance against commonly used antibiotics is widespread. Here, we present an epidemiological study from Nigeria with 111 isolates.

Remote Teaching of Histopathology Using Scanned Slides via Skype Between the United Kingdom and Nigeria.

Context: -Web-based learning is a major component of distance education.

Objective: -To explore Web-based applications for pathology teaching in resource-limited sub-Saharan Africa.

Design: -The participants were consultant pathologists and trainees drawn from tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

Sub-acute and chronic toxicity profiles of Markhamia tomentosa ethanolic leaf extract in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum Ex Engl.

Fifty-three years of reporting colorectal cancer in Nigerians--a systematic review of the published literature.

Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to perform a systematic review of all the available published data on CRC in Nigerians over a period of 53 years as a proximate indication of the burden of the disease.

Materials & Methods: The data were sourced from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar search engines as well as direct contact with some authors. All published studies on histologically confirmed CRC in Nigerians constitute the materials.

Treatment of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cancer is rapidly becoming a public health crisis in low-income and middle-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, patients often present with advanced disease. Little health-care infrastructure exists, and few personnel are available for the care of patients.

Application of stool-PCR for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from stool in Nigeria- a pilot study.

There are various methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori and the gold standard for non-invasive detection is the urea breath test (UBT). The aim of the study is therefore to detect H. pylori from the stool of patients with dyspepsia by PCR and compare results obtained with UBT.

Ulcerative colitis in a Nigerian girl: a case report.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is uncommon in the tropics and sub-tropics. We report a case of UC in a 7 year old girl whose parents were both Nigerians. This report is to alert healthcare professionals in sub-Saharan Africa that UC is not a rare health problem, especially in children.

Comparison of PCR with other diagnostic techniques for the detection of H. pylori infection in patients presenting with gastroduodenal symptons in Nigeria.

The study was aimed at comparing PCR methods of direct detection from biopsy using the boiling method and one other method with two known gold standards (histology and CLO test) for the diagnosis of H. pylori in Nigeria. A total of 168 biopsies (three from antrum and one from corpus each) were taken from 42 patients presenting with various gastroduodenal symptons after informed consent was obtained from them.