Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and 2 Decades Risk of Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Multimorbidity: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: Less is known regarding the association between metabolic phenotypes of general and abdominal obesity and incident cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) multimorbidity, defined as coexistence of at least 2 of the following: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension or stroke or coronary heart disease).

Methods: Among 6343 participants (3555 women), with a mean age of 37.06 years, metabolically healthy status was defined as absence of any metabolic syndrome components.

Prediabetes transitions to normoglycaemia or type 2 diabetes and associated risk factors in the Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration: an individual-level pooled analysis of 19 prospective cohort studies.

Background: With the increasing global burden of type 2 diabetes, prevention strategies that target prediabetes, a state of hyperglycaemia that puts individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes, are required. We aimed to estimate global rates of transition from prediabetes to normoglycaemia or type 2 diabetes, stratified by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. We also aimed to quantify the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on these transitions.

The Association Between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Adolescents Applying International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Cook's Criteria.

Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, is rising globally, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is gaining attention as a biomarker for liver function and its association with MetS and its components.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).

Sex-Specific Associations of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Over 15 Years of Follow-Up Among Iranian Adults.

Background: To investigate the association of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, as well as the influence of sex on this relationship among Iranian adults.

Methods: The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the associations between ALP both as continuous and categorical variables with incident MetS and its components.

Results: Among 831 subjects (467 women) with a mean age of 44.

Association of Lipid Profile With Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Death: A 2-Decade Follow-Up of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Background: We investigated the associations between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and triglycerides with all-cause and cardiovascular disease death among participants in the TLGS (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) cohort.

Methods: We included 8241 participants aged ≥30 years, who were followed until 2018. Lipid profiles were assessed as both continuous and categorical variables (quintiles) using the restricted cubic spline and Cox proportional hazards model.

Isolated diastolic hypertension and incident cardio-renal-metabolic multimorbidity in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: comparison of ACC/AHA and ESC/NICE guideline definitions.

Hypertension is defined as ≥130/80 mm Hg by ACC/AHA 2017, and ≥140/90 mm Hg by the ESC 2018 and NICE 2019. We examined the association between isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH, by both thresholds) and cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) multimorbidity. From 1999 to 2018, we followed 7377 (mean age: 37.

Utility of type 1 diabetes genetic risk score in a non-European population: insights from an Iranian cohort.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D GRS) in distinguishing between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Iran, an underrepresented population in genomic research.

Methods: We included 13,318 participants in the Tehran-Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS) cohort, classified into individuals without diabetes, with pre-diabetes, with type 2 diabetes, and with type 1 diabetes. Two T1D GRSs and one T2D GRS were calculated and compared between groups using the Wilcoxon test.

A Consensus Report on Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious public health problems all over the world. Development of local consensus on management of T2DM, providing clinicians, researchers, and policymakers with updated and valid evidence in consideration of practical issues, is crucial. Therefore, we aimed to develop a consensus report on management of T2DM in Iran.

The Optimal Cut-Points of Alanine Aminotransferase for Screening Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adults.

Background: Studies have reported that the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a key biomarker for screening liver cell damage, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objectives: Since individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high risk for NAFLD, we aimed to determine gender-specific ALT thresholds for screening MetS in the Tehranian population.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2018 to 2022, involving 4,968 adults aged 20 - 70 years (2,732 females).

Trajectories of Lipid Profile During Adolescence and Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Early Adulthood: A Two-Decade Population-Based Study.

Background And Aims: To examine the impact of early-life lipid profile trajectories in adolescence on subclinical atherosclerosis, evidenced by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in adulthood.

Methods And Results: In this trajectory analysis of 1,006 TLGS participants (472 male, mean age = 14.72 ± 3.

Association between diabetes phenotypes with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, using single-sample confirmatory testing: a national study.

Aim: To investigate, for the first time, the association between undiagnosed diabetes-using a single-sample confirmatory definition-and prevalent hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in an Iranian national population. A few studies on this topic have been limited to Western populations.

Methods: The study included 16328 adults aged ≥ 30 years.

Weight Gain, Weight Loss, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Evidence From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Introduction: While type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has become a major health issue in the North American and Caribbean region, the effects of weight change on incident T2DM, conditional on either initial or attained weight, are poorly addressed. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of 3-year weight change on incident T2DM over 6 years among US individuals.

Methods: A total of 8377 participants aged 45-64 years (4601 women), free of T2DM or cancer at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were included.

Short-term and lagged effects of ambient air pollutants on CVD hospitalization: A two-decade population-based study in Tehran.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalizations.

Methods: A time-series analysis was conducted using data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort of 3454 residents (1880 women) aged 50-70 from District 13 of Tehran. Follow-up data from January 1999 to March 2018 were analyzed.

The association between duration of metformin and sulfonylurea treatment and microvascular complications in patients with incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis.

Objectives: The effect of the duration of medication with metformin and sulfonylurea (SUs) on microvascular complications based on the duration of type 2 diabetes (DM2) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of medication time with metformin and SUs and microvascular complications in newly diagnosed DM2 patients.

Methods: In this prospective multi-cohort study, data from 3,904 newly diagnosed DM from three cohorts of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) with a mean age of 59.

Medication time of metformin and sulfonylureas and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis.

The effect of duration of medication with metformin and sulfonylurea (SUs) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality events by duration of type 2 diabetes (DM) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of duration of treatment with metformin and SUs on CVD and mortality events based on DM duration in newly diagnosed DM patients. Data from three prospective cohorts of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) including 4108 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes individuals (mean age, 59.

Association of Estimated GFR Slope and Heart Failure Progression in Older Adults.

Rationale & Objective: The impact of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope on the progression of heart failure (HF) remains unclear. This study investigated the association of eGFR slope and the occurrence of incident HF in older adults either at elevated risk for HF or with cardiac abnormalities (structural, hemodynamic, or biomarker) (pre-HF).

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Association between the systemic immune-inflammation index and metabolic syndrome and its components: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a novel biomarker of systemic inflammation. We explored the association between the SII and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: We included 2755 participants (1305 men) aged 45-84 years from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort from examination 5 (2010-2012).

The association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome and its components: A decade follow-up in the tehran lipid and glucose study.

Background And Aims: Prospective studies found associations between serum uric acid (SUA) and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) with high heterogeneity. We investigated the association between SUA and incident MetS and its components in a region highly burdened by cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods And Results: The study included 1999 adults (1297 women).

Impact of duration of treatments with metformin and sulfonylureas, individually or in combination, on diabetic retinopathy among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: a pooled cohort's analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and sulfonylurea (SUs) medication time on Diabetic retinopathy (DR) among newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using a pooled analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and SUs' medication time on DR among newly diagnosed T2DM using a pooled analysis.

Methods: The data of 4,068 newly diagnosed DM individuals(mean age, 60.

Health indicators in the management of diabetes in Primary health care: Iran-package of Essential Non-communicable diseases (IraPEN) program.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the IraPEN program, an adapted version of the WHO Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease (PEN) intervention, in managing diabetes from September 2020 to September 2021 using the Input-Process-Output-Outcome framework.

Methods: In this Cross-sectional/Ecological study, aggregated data was collected from IraPEN facilities by medical universities using the electronic health system. The data was presented as numbers and proportions, for urban and rural healthcare facilities separately.

Progression to diabetes and regression to normoglycemia in pre-diabetic subjects: results from a pragmatic community trial in a middle-income country.

Purpose: The incidence of prediabetes has been on the rise, indicating a growing public health concern, as individuals with prediabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of simple interventions on the regression of pre-diabetes status into normoglycemia and also prevent progression to diabetes in a pragmatic community trial.

Methods: A total of 2073 (761 intervention; 1,312 controls) participants with pre-diabetes were included in the present secondary data analysis; cases with diabetes or normoglycemia were identified during nine years of follow-up.

Association of novel dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores with incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification in middle-late adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors can influence the intensity of systemic inflammation and, consequently, the development and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC). This study aimed to explore the relationship between the inflammatory potentials of diet and lifestyle, as captured by novel dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores (DIS and LIS), with CAC incidence and progression.

Methods: We analyzed data on 5949 Black and White men and women ≥ 45 years old participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.

Optimal risk thresholds for prescribing statins as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Iranian general population: a benefit-harm modelling study.

Purpose: The use of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is associated with various beneficial outcomes, alongside certain undesirable effects. This study aims to determine optimal risk thresholds above which statin therapy yields a net benefit, considering both the positive effects and potential adverse effects, as well as their probabilities and patient preferences.

Methods: Quantitative benefit-harm balance modeling was applied to the Iranian general population aged 40 to 75 years with no history of CVD.