Assessing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in a Diverse Cohort with Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: To identify racial and ethnic disparities in disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome in a diverse cohort of children with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Study Design: Patients aged 7 through 18 with IBD diagnosed at a single institution between March 2020 and June 2021 with self- or parent-identified race and ethnicity of non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH-White, or Hispanic were included. Demographics, Centers for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index, Childhood Opportunity Index, disease phenotype, time to diagnosis, treatment, and health care utilization were compared between the racial and ethnic groups.

Racial and Ethnic Variation in Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome of Pediatric Crohn Disease: A Single Center Study.

Objectives: Disparities in health care for racial/ethnic minority children in the United States who are burdened by pediatric Crohn's disease (PCD) are not well understood.

Methods: A retrospective review of the Texas Children's Hospital ImproveCareNow database from 2007 to 2015 was performed. CD patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were included if the onset of symptoms attributable to inflammatory bowel disease was clearly documented.

National Trends in Hospitalization, Surgical Resection, and Comorbidities in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2002-2015.

Background And Objective: Therapeutic options for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have dramatically changed over the last 20 years. However, the impact of modern medical management on PIBD outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to fill this gap in the literature by using a large, validated, national database, to study the change in hospitalization rates, surgical rates, and postoperative complications in PIBD over the last decade.

Unraveling the Metabolic Requirements of the Gut Commensal .

Bacteroidetes are the most common bacterial phylum in the mammalian intestine and the effects of several spp. on multiple facets of host physiology have been previously described. Of the spp.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Commonly Failed in Children With Co-Morbidities.

Objectives: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is arguably the most effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Clinical reports on pediatric FMT have not systematically evaluated microbiome restoration in patients with co-morbidities. Here, we determined whether FMT recipient age and underlying co-morbidity influenced clinical outcomes and microbiome restoration when treated from shared fecal donor sources.

Bacteroides ovatus Promotes IL-22 Production and Reduces Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Driven Colonic Inflammation.

The intestinal microbiota influences the development and function of the mucosal immune system. However, the exact mechanisms by which commensal microbes modulate immunity is not clear. We previously demonstrated that commensal Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8384 reduces mucosal inflammation.

Immunomodulation of dendritic cells by Lactobacillus reuteri surface components and metabolites.

Background: Lactic acid bacteria are commensal members of the gut microbiota and are postulated to promote host health. Secreted factors and cell surface components from Lactobacillus species have been shown to modulate the host immune system. However, the precise role of L.

Progression to colectomy in the era of biologics: A single center experience with pediatric ulcerative colitis.

Background/purpose: Clinical outcomes in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) in the era of biologic agents are poorly defined. We aimed to describe risk factors for colectomy in pediatric UC in the era of infliximab therapy.

Methods: We reviewed 217 pediatric patients at Texas Children's Hospital with newly diagnosed UC between 2003 and 2015; 117 had a minimum of 5 years of follow-up.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in a toddler after heart transplant was a safe and effective treatment for recurrent Clostridiodes difficile infection: A case report.

Pediatric recipients of SOT have a significantly increased risk of Clostridiodes (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI), which is associated with adverse outcomes after SOT. Alterations to the intestinal microbiota community structure increase the risk of CDI. FMT is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent CDI in immunocompetent children and adults.

ATCC 8483 monotherapy is superior to traditional fecal transplant and multi-strain bacteriotherapy in a murine colitis model.

: Bacteriotherapy aimed at addressing dysbiosis may be therapeutic for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). We sought to determine if defined -based bacteriotherapy could be an effective and consistent alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a murine model of IBD. : We induced experimental colitis in 8- 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice using 2-3% dextran sodium sulfate.

Development of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: Impact on Health and Disease.

The intestinal microbiota are important in human growth and development. Microbial composition may yield insights into the temporal development of microbial communities and vulnerabilities to disorders of microbial ecology such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Discoveries of key microbiome features of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are lending new insights into possible therapies or preventative strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Granulomatous Upper Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis.

Objectives: Differentiating ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) can be clinically challenging, especially in children. Granulomatous inflammation has traditionally been attributed to CD. Crypt-associated giant cells and granulomas, however, have been observed in colonic biopsies of patients with UC.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Combined Immune Dysregulation in an Adolescent.

Concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a rare phenomenon. A shared immunologic pathway leading to mucosal inflammation and platelet destruction has been proposed. We report a case of a 14-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain, hematochezia, weight loss, and thrombocytopenia.

Unique Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype of Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Single-Center Study.

Objectives: In adults, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation/fibrosis of intra/extrahepatic bile ducts, associates with a milder form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis (UC). The pediatric PSC-IBD phenotype is less well characterized.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, single-center study examining patients with PSC-IBD at Texas Children's Hospital between 2000 and 2015.

Allopurinol: a useful adjunct to thiopurine therapy for pediatric ulcerative colitis in the biologic era.

Thiopurines are used as a maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). For some patients the metabolism of thiopurines is unfavorable, leading to increased adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. There are many reports in the adult literature concerning the manipulation of thiopurine metabolism with allopurinol; however, there is only 1 publication in this respect for pediatric UC.