Underlying biology, challenges and emergent concepts in the treatment of relapsed and refractory pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Relapsed and refractory disease in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R T-ALL) remains a major clinical challenge. Outcomes for children who relapse or exhibit resistance to initial treatments are dismal, with survival rates frequently below 25% despite aggressive therapy. To minimize toxicities and improve outcomes, individualized precision medicine approaches targeting the underlying biology of R/R T-ALL are especially important, considering that T-ALL is characterized by genetic, epigenetic and posttranscriptional heterogeneity, and organ and niche specificities (e.

Cost-effectiveness of [F]FDG PET/CT in follow-up after thermal ablation in patients with colorectal liver metastases in the Dutch healthcare setting.

Introduction: The ESMO and ECIO-ESOI consensus guidelines vary in their recommendations regarding the use of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET/CT in the follow-up after thermal ablation in patients with colorectal liver metastases. This is partly because studies providing data on long-term benefits of [F]FDG PET/CT are lacking. Therefore, a simulation model was developed to examine how follow-up with [F]FDG PET/CT impacts treatment planning, health and cost outcomes.

Hierarchical Structure of the Program Used by Filamentous Fungi to Navigate in Confining Microenvironments.

The spatial navigation of filamentous fungi was compared for three species, namely , wild type and ro-1 mutant, and , in microfluidic structures. The analysis of the navigation of these filamentous fungi in open and especially confining environments suggests that they perform space exploration using a hierarchical, three-layered system of information processing. The output of the space navigation of a single hypha is the result of coordination and competition between three programs with their corresponding subroutines: (i) the sensing of narrow passages (remote- or contact-based); (ii) directional memory; and (iii) branching (collision-induced or stochastic).

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy results in fewer complications than percutaneous drainage following failed ERCP in malignant distal biliary obstruction.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), including choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS), are alternative methods for biliary drainage in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Data on long-term outcomes, adverse events (AEs), and quality of life (QoL) after EUS-CDS and PTBD are limited. Therefore, we created a registry to evaluate the outcomes of both drainage procedures.

External validation of a serum tumor marker algorithm for early prediction of no durable benefit to immunotherapy in metastastic non-small cell lung carcinoma.

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide a significant survival benefit in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, accurately predicting which patients will benefit remains a challenge. As previously shown, the STOP model, a machine learning model based on serum tumor markers, is capable of identifying non-responders after 6 weeks of ICIs.ObjectiveThis study aims to externally validate this model and to assess the predictive value in combination with radiological response assessment using RECIST criteria.