E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM38 regulates macrophage polarization to reduce hepatic inflammation by interacting with HSPA5.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses pathologies from simple steatosis and steatohepatitis (MASH) to cirrhosis. Hepatic inflammation is a common cause of liver pathogenesis, with macrophage activation as a key indicator of both acute and chronic liver dysfunction. While M1 macrophages promote inflammation and M2 macrophages suppress it, their roles in MASLD are dynamic and shift according to disease stage and liver microenvironment.

Osteoclast and Sclerostin Expression in Osteocytes in the Femoral Head with Risedronate Therapy in Patients with Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Background and Objectives: The majority of research on the effects of osteoporosis drugs has measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and compared and analyzed the effects of the drugs through changes in the BMD values. This study aims to compare osteoclast and sclerostin expression in osteocytes after risedronate therapy by obtaining femoral heads from patients with hip fractures. Materials and Methods: We obtained the femoral heads of 10 female patients (age: ≥65 years) who received risedronate therapy for at least 1 year through hip arthroplasty during 2019−2021 (risedronate group).

Anti-Obesity Effects of Extract in Zucker Fatty Rats and High-Fat Diet Sprague Dawley Rats through Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1.

Background: Obesity is a widespread disease and is caused mainly by excessive adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) are major components for regulating adipocyte differentiation. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a transmembrane protein that can convert white fat to brown adipose tissue.

Water Extract of L. Exhibits Hepatoprotective Effects Through Improvement of Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disease with a complex underlying mechanism that has not been completely understood. Thus, effective and safe drugs for this disease are not yet available. L.

Efficacy of L. extract for recovery of acute liver failure.

L. is an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly grown in parts of Asia, including Korea and China, and is called by its nickname Gae-ddong-ssuk, or Chung-ho.

Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Stems and Stem Bark of that Control Adipocyte and Osteoblast Differentiations.

Wanger (Cornaceae) has been broadly used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of various disorders, including skin inflammation and diarrhea. As part of our efforts to identify structurally and/or biologically new compounds from Korean medicinal plants, we have explored potentially new bioactive constituents from . In the present study, seven triterpenoids (⁻) were isolated from stems and stem bark.

Bioactive compounds from sclerotia extract of Poria cocos that control adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation.

Poria cocos Wolf confers edible sclerotia also known as 'Indian bread' in North America, that have been used for the treatment of various diseases in Asian countries. As part of our ongoing aim to identify biologically new metabolites from Korean edible mushrooms, we investigated the ethanol (EtOH) extract of the sclerotia of P. cocos by applying a comparative LC/MS- and bioassay-based analysis approach, since the EtOH extract reciprocally regulated adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Lignan Glycosides and Flavonoid Glycosides from the Aerial Portion of and Their Biological Evaluations.

(Fabaceae), known as Chinese bushclover, has been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of diseases including diabetes, hematuria, and insomnia. As part of a continuing search for bioactive constituents from Korean medicinal plant sources, phytochemical analysis of the aerial portion of led to the isolation of two new lignan glycosides (,) along with three known lignan glycosides (⁻) and nine known flavonoid glycosides (⁻). Numerous analysis techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, HR-MS, and chemical reactions, were utilized for structural elucidation of the new compounds (,).

Dissection of the HOG pathway activated by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cells usually cope with oxidative stress by activating signal transduction pathways. In the budding yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway has long been implicated in transducing the oxidative stress-induced signal, but the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Based on phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1, we reveal that the signal from hydrogen peroxide (H O ) flows through Ssk1, the response regulator of the two-component system of the HOG pathway.

Effect of onion peel extract on endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in overweight and obese individuals.

Objectives: Acute or chronic intake of polyphenol-rich foods has been reported to improve endothelial function. Quercetin, found abundantly in onion, is a potent antioxidant flavonoid. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of onion peel extract (OPE) improves endothelial function in healthy overweight and obese individuals.

Transcriptome analysis of acetic-acid-treated yeast cells identifies a large set of genes whose overexpression or deletion enhances acetic acid tolerance.

Acetic acid inhibits the metabolic activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, a better understanding of how S. cerevisiae cells acquire the tolerance to acetic acid is of importance to develop robust yeast strains to be used in industry.

Amorphigenin inhibits Osteoclast differentiation by suppressing c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells.

Among the several rotenoids, amorphigenin is isolated from the leaves of Amopha Fruticosa and it is known that has anti-proliferative effects and anti-cnacer effects in many cell types. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of amorphigenin on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and on LPS treated inflammatory bone loss model in vivo. We show here that amorphigenin inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages in a dose dependent manner without cellular toxicity.

Pyridone 6, a pan-Janus-activated kinase inhibitor, suppresses osteoclast formation and bone resorption through down-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL)-induced c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 expression.

It has been reported that Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-dependent signaling pathways play a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous malignancies and immune reactions, and inhibition of JAK has been implicated in cell growth inhibition. The role which JAK has on osteoclast differentiation and anti-bone resorptive activity is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of a pan-JAK inhibitor, pyridone 6, on osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorption in vitro and ex vivo.

Distinct regulation of the sprC gene encoding Streptomyces griseus protease C from other chymotrypsin genes in Streptomyces griseus IFO13350.

The sprC gene encodes Streptomyces griseus protease C (SGPC), a bacterial chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Because the published data on sprC was not complete, we cloned and analyzed a new DNA fragment spanning downstream to upstream of the sprC gene from S. griseus IFO13350.

Gliotoxin reduces the severity of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice: evidence of the connection between heme oxygenase-1 and the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite, has been known to show strong immunosuppressive properties, although its mechanisms are not completely understood. In this report, the authors investigated the mechanism whereby gliotoxin has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.

Materials And Methods: Body weight, histological scores, and myeloperoxidase activity were evaluated in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis.