Pyrenees as the southernmost European refugium of glacial relict land snails.

Biogeographical relicts, particularly glacial relicts, are species that have survived postglacial climatic shifts in isolated refugia. In temperate Europe, such species are commonly found in high-altitude mountain ranges, including the Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees. While glacial relict land snails are well-documented in the Alps and Carpathians, their occurrence in the Pyrenees remains largely unexplored.

Environmental and overgrazing effects on diatom communities in high mountain mires.

High mountain mires are affected by anthropogenic activities such as livestock, which have changed land use, fragmented habitats, and affected the structure and functioning of aquatic communities such as diatoms. Diatoms in mires exhibit high diversity, with a significant proportion of rare and threatened species, making them vulnerable to livestock pressure. Despite their common use as indicators of ecological status, little is known about how overgrazing and trampling affect diatom communities.