Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that increases the risk of suboptimal vitamin D levels.

Aim: To determine the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on disease activity, related immune markers and bone mineral density in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus aged 20-70 years were recruited for this interventional study.

Long-Term Effect of Pulsed Nd-YAG Laser Combined with Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Men with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis: 1 Year of Follow-Up.

Background: A pulsed Nd-YAG laser is an effective physiotherapy modality used as a class IV high-intensity laser therapy (HILT).

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of HILT alone or combined with exercise (HILT+EX) on bone mineral density (BMD) after 24 weeks and at 1 year of follow-up in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Methods: One hundred men with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 53.

Trends in overweight or obesity and other anthropometric indices in adults aged 18-60 years in western Saudi Arabia.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased considerably in Saudi Arabia in the past two decades. We conducted this study because to examine trends in weight gain with age and related anthropometric measurements in Saudi Arabia such data are limited.

Objective: To determine trends in overweight and obesity and examine anthropometric indices by age group.