Clinical Outcomes of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patients With Nicotine Dependence: A Longitudinal Study of 43 315 Patients.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that current and/or past nicotine use disorder may worsen mortality and complications in patients experiencing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This retrospective study examines clinical outcomes in nontraumatic SAH patients with nicotine dependence.

Methods: The TriNetX Research Network was used to analyze data from adult patients (≥18 years old) with a history of nontraumatic SAH.

Gabapentinoids in ERAS Protocols For Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the safety and efficacy of gabapentinoid usage in ERAS protocols for spine surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Summary Of Background Data: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a perioperative strategy designed to improve surgical outcomes through multimodal protocols.

Impact of acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol dependence on outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is most commonly caused by a ruptured aneurysm. Risk factors for rupture include hypertension, smoking, and substance use, but the relationship between alcohol use and clinical outcomes after SAH is poorly understood. The objective of this population-based, longitudinal, study is to characterize the relationships between alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and adverse clinical outcomes following SAH.

Outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in patients with hypothyroidism: A population-based cross-sectional study of 388,000 patients.

Background and ObjectivesHypothyroidism affects 4.6% of the US population, with incidence increasing in recent years. Systemic effects of hypothyroidism include increased serum cholesterol, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension, which are widely recognized risk factors for stroke.

Frequency and Indications for Anesthesia Exposure in a Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Cohort.

Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a leading cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. These patients often undergo multiple anesthetic exposures (AE) during hospitalization for their injuries. In this retrospective study, we sought to analyze the hospital course and outcomes in pTBI patients, hypothesizing that these patients required multiple AEs and that repeated AEs increased the risk for morbidity.

The delayed spectral sign in Post-transfer CT imaging: an imaging marker of stroke severity and hemorrhagic risk.

Purpose: Acute stroke transfer patients often undergo repeat computed tomography (CT) imaging upon arrival at a thrombectomy-capable center. Often, there is residual intravenous (IV) "contrast staining" of acute infarcts on the initial post-transfer CT head exam, which we have detected utilizing dual-layer CT spectral virtual non-contrast images. We term this the delayed spectral sign (DSS).

Recalibrating the COMPASS: Insights from the first global deployment of CEREGLIDE™ 71 Intermediate Catheter in endovascular treatment of stroke.

PurposeEndovascular treatment has become the standard of care for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion, however, the optimal first-line strategy for mechanical thrombectomy continues to be debated. Recent advancements in large-bore aspiration catheters have enhanced the efficacy of A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique (ADAPT), offering promising improvements in procedural success. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics and technical outcomes associated with endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke following the inaugural global use of the CEREGLIDE™ 71 Intermediate Catheter at our institution.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas presenting as intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review.

BackgroundSpinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common type of spinal arteriovenous malformation. Typically, these malformations present with a wide range of nonspecific symptoms indicative of thoracolumbar myelopathy. However, patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas may rarely present with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Publication Race: The Battle for Residency in a Competitive Landscape.

Research plays a significant role in the residency match, particularly after the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 changed from a score-based exam to pass/fail scoring. This study shows the impact of research on the match between 2009 and 2024, categorized by specialties and residency competitiveness. Residency specialties were categorized according to competitiveness (high, medium, and low), according to the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Uninsured status is associated with worse outcomes in a cohort of pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of insurance status on pTBI outcomes using a single-center registry.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of pTBI patients at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center from January 2012 to July 2023.

Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma: The Role of the mTOR Pathway.

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor, portends a poor prognosis, despite current treatment modalities, due to recurrence of disease. Resistance to conventional therapies is caused by both extensive genetic abnormalities and dysregulation of the transcription landscape. A major cause of tumor recurrence, growth, and invasion is the presence of a unique population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor and surrounding area.

The role of alarmins in neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: Alarmins, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are a diverse class of molecules essential for cellular homeostasis; however, their activation following traumatic cell necrosis contributes to neuroinflammation leading to neurologic deficits. This review aims to highlight the current preclinical alarmin studies and define their neuroprotective role in the treatment of SCI.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to evaluate studies investigating alarmin-mediated immune and neuroinflammatory responses following SCI in animal models.

Transradial Access as an Innovative Approach for Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). Transradial access (TRA) has emerged as an alternative to traditional transfemoral access (TFA), showing promise in reducing access-site complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the procedural and clinical outcomes of TRA versus TFA for EVT in AIS-LVO patients.

Outcomes of Blood Transfusions in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 47,835 Patients.

: Despite advances, large vessel occlusion strokes (LVO) remain associated with significant morbidity. Recent studies have suggested that blood transfusions may help manage critically ill LVO patients. We sought to evaluate the patient characteristics, complications, and clinical outcomes associated with blood transfusions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.

Enhancing Outcomes in Subdural Hematoma: The Role of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a prevalent neurosurgical condition with increasing incidence, especially among the elderly. The pathophysiology of cSDH is multifactorial, involving inflammation, fibrinolysis, and angiogenesis, with fragile neovascularization contributing to recurrent microbleeding and hematoma persistence. While burr-hole evacuation remains a standard surgical approach, recurrence rates remain high, necessitating adjunctive strategies such as subdural drain placement, subdural-peritoneal shunting, and pharmacologic interventions.

StrokeNet Thrombectomy Endovascular Platform (STEP): A Catalyst for Stroke Research.

Endovascular thrombectomy is a critical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Challenges remain in extending treatment windows, refining patient selection, optimizing posttreatment interventions, and expanding endovascular thrombectomy indications. Traditional stroke trials have played a pivotal role in advancing care but are hindered by inefficiencies, rigid designs, high costs, long timelines, and slow enrollment.

Investigating Outcomes of Pediatric Stroke due to Extracranial Arterial Dissection: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 11,000 Patients.

Extracranial arterial dissection (EAD) involving the carotid and vertebral arteries poses a significant risk for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children and often presents challenges in diagnosis. The investigation of outcomes and interventions in pediatric AIS secondary to EAD remains significantly underexplored. This retrospective cohort study examines the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients experiencing EAD.

Innovation in the Management of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of the feared stroke subtypes with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Even after the initial treatment of the ruptured aneurysm, patients remain critically ill due to numerous neurologic and systemic sequalae. Among them is cerebral vasospasm, which is a key contributor in the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI).

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 640 Patients.

BackgroundCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but serious complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the implications of this association remain poorly understood. This study explores the demographics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of patients with both TBI and CVT (CVT-TBI).MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried from 2016-2020 for adult patients with a primary diagnosis of TBI and concurrent CVT.

Adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition with high recurrence rates, particularly in elderly patients. The pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms of angiogenesis, fibrinolysis, and inflammation, leading to progressive hemorrhage and fluid accumulation.

Aim: To systematically review and meta-analyze the clinical benefits and safety of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) as an adjunctive treatment to usual care for cSDH.

You Cannot Manage What You Do Not Measure: Advances in Global Stroke Interventions and the Role of the Mechanical Thrombectomy Access Score.

Global disparities in stroke care, particularly in acute interventions like mechanical thrombectomy (MT), remain profound, with the Mechanical Thombectomy Global Access for Stroke study reporting a median global MT access of just 2.79%. Furthermore, the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been recognized to be disproportionately burdened in this regard as compared with high-income countries.

Prediction of Mortality After Convulsive Status Epilepticus: The Status Epilepticus MASH Score.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate in-patient mortality and predictors of death associated with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in a large nationwide cohort and create a simplified predictive score for in-hospital mortality.MethodsRetrospective data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2007 and 2014 were analyzed, including 123,082 adults with CSE. Univariate logistic testing identified admission variables, neurological and medical complications associated with mortality.

Silencing the Noise: State-of-the-Art Neuroendovascular and Cardiology Management of Pulsatile Tinnitus.

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is a unique clinical condition often attributed to various vascular anomalies, making it of increasing interest to specialists outside the traditional realms of otolaryngology and neurology. Endovascular treatment has recently emerged as a key management tool for patients suffering from PT, particularly in cases associated with venous sinus stenosis or arteriovenous shunting. Understanding the indications, procedural risks, and long-term outcomes associated with endovascular treatment is important to ensure timely referral and comprehensive care for patients presenting with PT.

Trends in Operative Timing for Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome: National Inpatient Sample Analysis 2013-2019.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To analyze national trends in the management of acute traumatic central cord syndrome.

Summary Of Background Data: Acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury.