POLR1A variants underlie phenotypic heterogeneity in craniofacial, neural, and cardiac anomalies.

Heterozygous pathogenic variants in POLR1A, which encodes the largest subunit of RNA Polymerase I, were previously identified as the cause of acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati-type. The predominant phenotypes observed in the cohort of 3 individuals were craniofacial anomalies reminiscent of Treacher Collins syndrome. We subsequently identified 17 additional individuals with 12 unique heterozygous variants in POLR1A and observed numerous additional phenotypes including neurodevelopmental abnormalities and structural cardiac defects, in combination with highly prevalent craniofacial anomalies and variable limb defects.

Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by 1q41 deletion including TGFB2 is associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype.

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder that commonly results in a dilated aorta, aneurysms, joint laxity, craniosynostosis, and soft skin that bruises easily. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are uncommon in LDS. Two previous reports present a total of four patients with LDS due to pure 1q41 deletions involving TGFB2 (Gaspar et al.

Genetic counseling for congenital heart disease - Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an indication which spans multiple specialties across various genetic counseling practices. This practice resource aims to provide guidance on key considerations when approaching counseling for this particular indication while recognizing the rapidly changing landscape of knowledge within this domain. This resource was developed with consensus from a diverse group of certified genetic counselors utilizing literature relevant for CHD genetic counseling practice and is aimed at supporting genetic counselors who encounter this indication in their practice both pre- and postnatally.

Exploring the Discussion of Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death.

Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS), where death is secondary to cardiac arrhythmia, is associated with several cardiac ion channelopathies, including long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome, as well as cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Many of these conditions often present in childhood or adolescence. This study investigates how diagnoses of cardiac diseases associated with SADS are communicated within families.

Genetic counseling and testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the pediatric perspective.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiac disease that is now being identified in the pediatric population. The etiology of this disease is largely genetic, and as a result, genetics professionals are becoming more involved in the management of these patients. We present multiple case scenarios that highlight the complex nature of this disease and how genetic counselors and cardiologists can interact to identify the genetic etiology of HCM and provide comprehensive care for these patients.

Genetic counseling and testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an adult perspective.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is considered to be a genetic disease. As such, multidisciplinary approach is needed to evaluate and treat this condition. We present several patient vignettes to illustrate the complementary skills of cardiologists and genetic counselors in providing comprehensive care.

Glycogen storage disease type III-hepatocellular carcinoma a long-term complication?

Background/aims: Glycogen storage disease III (GSD III) is caused by a deficiency of glycogen-debranching enzyme which causes an incomplete glycogenolysis resulting in glycogen accumulation with abnormal structure (short outer chains resembling limit dextrin) in liver and muscle. Hepatic involvement is considered mild, self-limiting and improves with age. With increased survival, a few cases of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported.