Concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation during aortic valve and aneurysm surgery.

Objective: Limited data are available on treatment of atrial fibrillation during ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve surgery. Ablation at the time of isolated aortic valve surgery has a Society of Thoracic Surgeons Class I indication. We sought to determine early and late outcomes of concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery at the time of ascending aortic aneurysm + aortic valve surgery.

Salt warning labels in the out-of-home food sector: online and real-world randomised controlled trials in the UK.

Background: High salt intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The salt content of many commonly consumed foods in the out-of-home food sector (eg, restaurants) is excessive, but there are few policy options to address this problem. In this study, we evaluated an emerging policy approach-high salt warning labels on packaged food and resturant menus-for which, to date, there is little supporting evidence from randomised controlled trials.

The problem of large portion sizes: a norm-comparison theory explaining the psychological influence and public health implications of food portion size.

Portion size of food has a causal influence on human energy intake and historic increases in commercial food product portion sizes are suggested to have contributed to population-level obesity. A norm-comparison theory explains the influence of food portion size and suggests that increasing portion sizes are problematic for two reasons. First, this norm-comparison theory explains why changes to food portion size can have a sizeable influence on energy intake during a meal without inviting later compensatory eating behaviour.

Safety Pressure Effects in a Mechanical Demand Regulator.

Introduction: Most U.S. Navy, but few U.

Out-of-home food selection behaviour in the presence and absence of price-based incentives in a virtual food delivery app: a randomised controlled trial.

Policies restricting price-based incentives in the out-of-home (OOH) food sector could influence food-related behaviours and improve population diet. In the present study we assessed the impact of removing price-based incentives on consumer food selection through a virtual, hypothetical, OOH delivery platform. Participants ordered a hypothetical meal for their household using a virtual ordering platform which presented the menu of a popular UK pizza chain restaurant/takeaway outlet.

Food in the news: effects of exposure to information about ultra-processed vs. high in nutrients of concern foods on consumer perceptions and intake.

Media reporting of the associations between intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and negative health outcomes has become common. The objective was to examine the impact of exposure to public facing information about UPFs on consumers in a laboratory experiment. In a mixed-design, we used a methodology that resulted in participants (N = 96: mean age = 46.

Implementation and enforcement of mandatory calorie labelling regulations for the out-of-home sector in England: Qualitative study of the experiences of business implementers and regulatory enforcers.

Background: Mandatory calorie labelling on menus of large out-of-home food outlets was implemented in England on 6 April 2022. Barriers and facilitators that were unforeseen before implementation may modify policy impacts. As part of a process evaluation, we aimed to examine the implementation of calorie labeling in England, focusing on business experiences and local authority enforcement to identify barriers and facilitators to achieving policy goals.

Estimating the health impact of menu calorie labelling policy and sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in two European countries: a microsimulation study.

Aims: To estimate and compare the impacts of menu calorie labelling and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation on reducing obesity prevalence, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and equity-related impacts, in Belgium and Germany.

Methods: We used microsimulation models over a 20-year simulation horizon (2022-2041). We modelled the impacts through assumed changes in energy intake due to consumer responses and food industry reformulation.

Oculomotor axons use external and autocrine Slit signals for fasciculation, navigation, branching, and connectivity in mouse embryos.

Background: Eye alignment and movements are controlled by three cranial nerves: the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV), and abducens nerves (nVI). Developmental errors of these nerves can lead to eye movement disorders. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that guide motor axons to the eye remain poorly understood.

The effect of healthier menu item price reductions in the out-of-home food sector on energy purchased and consumed: a restaurant-based pilot experiment.

Background: Frequent out-of-home food sector (OOHFS) use is associated with poor dietary intake and obesity. There are limited real-world studies on pricing interventions to encourage healthy eating in the OOHFS. We performed a pilot study to collect preliminary trial data on the potential impact of a price reduction intervention on healthier menu items on purchasing and consumption of kilocalories (kcal) in a full-serviced restaurant among people from both lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP).

Psychosocial factors and the development of childhood overweight and obesity: a UK cohort study.

Background: We examined the role of psychosocial factors in overweight and obesity development.

Methods: UK Millennium Cohort Study data of children with normal weight at baseline were analysed. Weight changes were determined from baselines at ages 11 (n = 7979) and 14 (n = 6906) to follow-up at age 17.

Risk of severe obesity development: Examining the role of psychological well-being related measures and sociodemographic factors in two longitudinal UK cohort studies.

Objective: To examine the prospective association between psychological well-being related measures and severe obesity development in young and middle-aged UK adults.

Design: A longitudinal analysis of two cohort studies.

Methods: We used data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) to examine the association between baseline psychological well-being related measures (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction and self-efficacy) and severe obesity development (defined as body mass index - BMI ≥35 kg/m) and residualized BMI change scores at follow-up.

Assessing the impact of a mandatory calorie labelling policy in out-of-home food outlets in England on consumer behaviour: a natural experimental study.

Background: Out-of-home (OOH) food tends to be energy-dense and nutrient-poor. In response, England implemented a mandatory calorie labelling policy in the OOH sector. We evaluated changes in consumer behaviours after the policy was implemented in April 2022.

Pulmonary Endarterectomy for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Valved Pulmonary Conduit Thrombosis.

Background: There is no consensus on the preferred conduit for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction for congenital cardiac disease.

Case Summary: We present a case of a 21-year-old woman with history of tetralogy of Fallot presenting with recurrent graft thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in the setting of RVOT reconstruction with a 20-mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) valved conduit (GORE PV1, W.L.

Psychological well-being factors and the likelihood of transitioning from overweight and obesity to normal weight at population level: Evidence from two cohort studies of UK adults.

We examined the prospective associations between psychological well-being related factors (depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, self-efficacy) and transitioning from overweight and obesity to normal body weight (vs persistence of overweight and obesity) and change in body mass index (BMI). We used multiple baselines and follow-ups from the National Child and Development Study (NCDS; 8513 observations) and the British Cohort Study (BCS; 11,113 observations). A proportion (8%-9%) of participants with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25) at baseline transitioned into normal weight (BMI 18.

Childhood obesity trajectories and adolescent mental health: A UK cohort study.

Background: There is limited evidence on how changes in obesity from childhood to adolescence are associated with adolescent mental health. We examined the associations between childhood obesity trajectories, obesity episodes, and mental health at age 17.

Methods: Data were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Dynamic Measures of Team Adaptation.

ObjectiveDynamic measures of team adaptation based in team cognition theory and the measurement of real-time team cognition are developed. The present study examines the validity and context-specificity of this measurement framework for simulation-based team training.BackgroundTeams adapt by reorganizing their coordination behavior to overcome challenges in dynamic environments.

Physician vs. AI-generated messages in urology: evaluation of accuracy, completeness, and preference by patients and physicians.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy, comprehensiveness, empathetic tone, and patient preference for AI and urologist responses to patient messages concerning common BPH questions across phases of care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study evaluating responses to 20 BPH-related questions generated by 2 AI chatbots and 4 urologists in a simulated clinical messaging environment without direct patient interaction. Accuracy, completeness, and empathetic tone of responses assessed by experts using Likert scales, and preferences and perceptions of authorship (chatbot vs.

Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England.

In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets.

Spatial patterns of rural opioid-related hospital emergency department visits: A machine learning analysis.

As opioid-related overdose emergency department visits continue to rise in the United States, there is a need to understand the location and magnitude of the crisis, especially in at-risk rural areas. We analyzed sets of ZIP code level electronic health records for emergency department visits from 6 hospitals for two rural regions of Maryland with higher opioid-related overdose rates. Analysis of the demographics of visits found Black or African American emergency department visits in both rural regions were higher than the proportion of their population per region.

Ultraprocessed food (UPF), health, and mechanistic uncertainty: What should we be advising the public to do about UPFs?

In this perspective, we discuss why current mechanistic uncertainty on ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and health acts as a major challenge to providing informed dietary guidelines and public advice on UPFs. Based on the balance of current evidence, we do not believe it is appropriate to be advising consumers to avoid all UPFs and we await further evidence to inform consumer guidance on the need to limit consumption of specifics foods based on their degree or type of processing.

Psychological well-being and the reversal of childhood overweight and obesity in the UK: a longitudinal national cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prospective association between psychological well-being and overweight and obesity reversal.

Methods: We analyzed data of UK children with overweight or obesity at ages 11 (n = 4556, baseline), 14 (n = 3791, baseline), and 17 years (follow-up). Psychological well-being-related measures were characterized into indexes of caregiver-reported child mental health and child-reported psychosocial well-being, with a higher score indicating better mental health or psychosocial well-being.

Accumulation of perceived discrimination over time and likelihood of probable mental health problems in UK adults: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Limited research has examined whether accumulation of discrimination over time is associated with worse mental health and whether such experiences are related to socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: A sample of UK adults with self-reported discrimination experiences (n = 3863) was taken from three waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2015-2020). Multinomial logistic regression assessed associations between SES (income, education, occupation) and cumulative discrimination (number of timepoints discrimination was reported).

Does menu calorie labelling cause or exacerbate eating disorders?

ER and JB were responsible for conceptualisation and study design. JB screened prospective eligible studies, conducted the literature review and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. RE, AF, TG, MP, IP, LT and RW reviewed the literature and contributed to writing.