Subclinical Enthesitis in Children with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.

Objective: Enthesitis is rare in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) compared to enthesi- tis-related arthritis. It may be asymptomatic in CNO patients. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of subclinical enthesitis in patients with CNO using ultrasonography (US).

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis has a distinct co-inhibitor receptor profile.

Objectives: JIA is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood; the pathogenesis is associated with T-cell activation. T-cell activation can be counterbalanced by signals generated by inhibitory receptors (IRs) such as CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM-3. Here, we identify the role of IRs in the pathogenesis of different JIA subtypes.

The Effect of Biologics in the Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (Mis-C): A Single-Center Propensity-Score-Matched Study.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition characterized by excessive inflammation that can arise as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. While our understanding of COVID-19 and MIS-C has been advancing, there is still uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment for MIS-C. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory outcomes of MIS-C patients treated with IVIG plus corticosteroids (CS) to those treated with IVIG plus CS and an additional biologic drug.

Subclinical enthesitis in enthesitis-related arthritis and sacroiliitis associated with familial Mediterranean fever.

Objectives: In our study, we investigated the presence of subclinical enthesitis by ultrasonography (US) in asymptomatic patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and sacroiliitis associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).

Methods: A total of 50 patients, including 35 patients with ERA and 15 with sacroiliitis associated with FMF, were included in the study. All patients were evaluated with US by a paediatric radiologist.

Patients Without a Rheumatic Disease Diagnosis in a Pediatric Rheumatology Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Comparison Between Pre-pandemic and Pandemic Periods.

Objective: Children with suspicious complaints of rheumatic diseases are generally referred to a pediatric rheumatologist. We aimed to evaluate the profile of patients referred to the pediatric rheumatology unit and were not diagnosed with a rheumatic disease and to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on referral complaints.

Materials And Methods: All new outpatients who applied to the pediatric rheumatology department between March 2019 and February 2021 and were not diagnosed with rheumatic disease were included.

Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis and immunodeficiency: case-based review.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) has been rarely reported in patients with immunodeficiency. In this review, we present two cases with childhood-onset TAK (c-TAK) and primary immunodeficiency while reviewing similar cases in the literature. We reviewed the data for our two pediatric patients with c-TAK and primary immunodeficiency.

The challenges in diagnosing pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Pediatric primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a very rare disease with significant distinctions from the APS in adults. Herein, we present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of six pediatric primary APS patients, who met the updated Sapporo criteria for the APS diagnosis. One of them was also diagnosed as having probable catastrophic APS (CAPS) due to the involvement of three different organ systems simultaneously.

A new tool supporting the diagnosis of childhood-onset Behçet's disease: venous wall thickness.

Objectives: The lower extremity venous wall thickness (VWT) of Behçet's disease (BD) patients was reported to be significantly increased in adults, suggesting its use for the support of BD diagnosis. This prospective study aimed to investigate the lower extremity VWT in childhood-onset definite and incomplete BD patients and compare it to healthy age-matched controls.

Methods: Paediatric patients classified with BD according to the 2015 international paediatric BD criteria in our centre were included in the study.

Clinical course of COVID-19 infection in paediatric familial Mediterranean fever patients.

Objective: To evaluate the course of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection in paediatric familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and to investigate the risk factors for COVID-19 infection.

Methods: Medical records of 100 consecutive paediatric FMF patients and their COVID-19 infection status were evaluated. Age- and gender-matched control group consisted of 51 patients with positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Challenges in diagnosing COVID-19 related disease in pediatric patients with rheumatic disease.

Objectives: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe condition associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Here we aimed to raise awareness for the symptoms of MIS-C in patients with rheumatic diseases, emphasizing the challenges of the differential features.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes of six MIS-C patients with previous rheumatic disease.

Differences and similarities of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, Kawasaki disease and macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative study.

To compare the clinical and laboratory findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and with macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA-MAS) on real-life data. Patients diagnosed with MIS-C, KD, and sJIA-MAS from 12 different centers in Turkey who were followed for at least 6 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of all patients were analyzed.

Hematological involvement in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A multi-center study.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may present with features of several systems, including hematological manifestations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of hematological involvement and assess possible associations and correlations in pediatric SLE patients. This is a retrospective multi-center study.

Real-world data on MTX tolerance with regimens used in children versus adults.

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs which can cause gastrointestinal side effects. MTX intolerance is defined as gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms occurring before and after MTX administration. This study aims to evaluate and compare the frequency of methotrexate intolerance in adult and pediatric patients.

IgG4-related disease in pediatric patients: a single-center experience.

Objective: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated, and fibroinflammatory disease that can affect almost any organ system. We aimed to present our single-center experience of pediatric patients with IgG4-RD, a rare disease in children.

Methods: Pediatric patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD at the Hacettepe University between June 2014 and September 2020 were evaluated retrospectively.

Systematic review of childhood-onset polyarteritis nodosa and DADA2.

Background: Diagnosis of childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) has become challenging after the definition of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2). We aimed to define the differential features of pediatric PAN and DADA2 patients in our center and in the literature.

Methods: The charts of pediatric PAN and DADA2 patients followed at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Hacettepe University between 2010-2020 were analyzed.

Comparison of IVIG resistance predictive models in Kawasaki disease.

Background: We aimed to compare the ten different scores (by Kobayashi, Egami, Harada, Formosa, Sano, Piram et al., Wu et al., Yang et al.

Plasma checkpoint protein levels and galectin-9 in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

SLE is a disease of the adaptive immune system where T lymphocyte dysfunction has an important role as well. We assessed the plasma levels of checkpoint receptors expressed on T cells, along with Galectin-9 to reflect type-1 IFN activity and IL-2Rα in childhood SLE patients. Forty-nine children with SLE and15 healthy controls were included.