Efficacy of Azacitidine Plus Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Transformed from Myelodysplastic Syndrome after Failure of Azacitidine Monotherapy.

Objective Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have a poor prognosis, including those treated with azacitidine during the MDS phase; there is no standard for the care of these patients. Recently, azacitidine plus venetoclax (AZA/VEN) was reported to prolong the survival in treatment-naïve AML patients compared with AZA monotherapy. However, the results of AZA/VEN for AML transformed from MDS, particularly after AZA monotherapy, remain unclear.

[Successful treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes complicated by myeloid sarcoma with haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using post-transplant cyclophosphamide].

Using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haplo), haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has shown a surge in popularity in recent years. There are, however, only a few reports of PTCy-haplo being used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) that have been complicated by myeloid sarcoma (MS). An immuno-suppressive therapy was given to a 25-year-old man who was diagnosed with low-risk MDS in September 2007.

[Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia accompanied by metachronous double primary cancer].

In about half of the cases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is secondary to an underlying disease, often due to paraneoplastic syndromes. Recently, the number of patients developing metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) has been increasing due to the aging of the population and the longer survival times of those with malignant tumors. A 78-year-old woman was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer in May 2017 and with warm AIHA in October 2017.

Efficacy and Cardiovascular Adverse Events of Long-term Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Report from the Nagasaki CML Study Group.

Objective The standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the continuous use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which results in a favorable prognosis for the majority of patients. Recent studies have identified cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as late adverse events (AEs) related to TKIs. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy and AEs of TKIs, focusing on CVDs.

No clear survival benefit of azacitidine for lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: A retrospective study of Nagasaki.

The efficacy of azacitidine (AZA) on survival of lower risk (LR) - myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is controversial. To address this issue, we retrospectively evaluated the long-term survival benefit of AZA for patients with LR-MDS defined by International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Using data from 489 patients with LR-MDS in Nagasaki, hematologic responses according to International Working Group 2006 and overall survival (OS) were compared among patients that received best supportive care (BSC), immunosuppressive therapy (IST), erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), and AZA.

Treatment with mogamulizumab or lenalidomide for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The Nagasaki transplant group experience.

Mogamulizumab (Mog) and lenalidomide (Len) are new therapeutic candidates for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who received Mog or Len monotherapy for relapsed ATL after allo-HSCT. Eight and three patients received Mog and Len, respectively.

Persistent clonal cytogenetic abnormality with del(20q) from an initial diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

A 68-year-old male was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). A G-banding chromosomal analysis revealed the co-existence of two clones: one with del(20q) and t(15;17)(q22;q12) and another with del(20q) alone. During the remission of APL following treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid, del(20q) was persistently identified, indicating a diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities of undetermined significance (CCAUS) with isolated del(20q).

Oligosecretory Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia with Atypical Morphological Abnormality.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare variant of multiple myeloma. The detection of plasma cells in the peripheral blood and monoclonal protein in the serum or urine is important for the diagnosis of PCL. However, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose PCL in patients with atypical plasma cell morphology and/or those without detectable monoclonal protein.

EPOCH regimen as salvage therapy for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an intractable hematopoietic malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Although improved responses have been achieved through intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with aggressive ATL, most patients suffer from relapse or disease recurrence, and an effective salvage therapy, especially for candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), is yet to be established. The efficacy of the EPOCH regimen has been reported for several lymphoid malignancies; however, its efficacy for ATL has not been sufficiently evaluated.

A case of intrahepatic clear cell cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic clear cell cholangiocarcinoma is very rare - only 8 cases have been reported. A 56-year-old Japanese man with chronic hepatitis B infection was diagnosed with a 2.2 cm hepatocellular carcinoma on imaging, and hepatic segmentectomy was performed.