Clinical Evaluation and Systematic Classification of Endoscopic Gastrointestinal Findings in 176 French Bulldogs with Brachycephalic Airway Obstructive Syndrome.

The respiratory consequences of brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS) are well known; however, brachycephalic dogs may also present with alimentary tract signs. The electronic medical records of 176 French bulldogs with BAOS were reviewed to classify the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings, and to evaluate the associations between clinicopathological data, endoscopic respiratory, and digestive findings. Dogs that did not undergo endoscopic examination of both airways and the upper digestive tract were excluded.

Diode Laser Epiglottidectomy (DLE) for management of epiglottic disease in 35 dogs.

Veterinary literature on epiglottic disorders and their treatment in dogs is limited. The objective of this study is to report the clinical features, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and outcomes of dogs with epiglottic conditions treated using diode laser epiglottidectomy (DLE). This was a single-institution observational prospective study.

Gastric mucormycosis in a cat.

Case Summary: This report describes a case of gastric mucormycosis in a young Ragdoll cat with a 5-day history of vomiting. Physical examination detected mild dehydration and tenderness was elicited on abdominal palpation. The results of blood work-up and radiographic study were unremarkable; however, abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed multiple hyperechoic neoformations at the level of the pyloric antrum, which were confirmed on endoscopic examination.

Palliative endoscopic debulking treatment of canine nasal carcinoma - 35 cases (2016 to 2019): A retrospective multicentric study.

Objective: This retrospective study investigated the palliative efficacy of endoscopic diode laser and forceps debulking (EDLFD) for managing nasal carcinoma in dogs.

Animals And Procedure: Thirty-five dogs with histopathological diagnosis of nasal carcinoma that underwent EDLFD treatment were included. Descriptive statistics were reported regarding age, sex, neutering status, weight, body condition score, epistaxis, sneezing, stertor, reverse sneezing, nasal discharge, facial deformity, tumor laterality, modified Adams staging, quality of life at presentation, histotypes, EDLFD duration, adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy, and survival time.

Dysbiosis index and fecal concentrations of sterols, long-chain fatty acids and unconjugated bile acids in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy.

Introduction: Canine protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal loss of proteins. While fecal microbiome and metabolome perturbations have been reported in dogs with chronic enteropathy, they have not been widely studied in dogs with PLE. Therefore, the study aims were to investigate gut microbiome and targeted fecal metabolites in dogs with inflammatory PLE (iPLE) and evaluate whether treatment affects these changes at short-term follow-up.

First description of oesophageal melanoma in a cat and palliative treatment by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation laser.

Case Summary: An 11-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with chronic regurgitation and weight loss. Despite a 2-month history of weight loss, regurgitation intensified over 4 weeks, occurring with every food intake, even on a semi-liquid diet. Physical examination revealed thinness and dehydration, and a focal oval mass was noted in the middle mediastinum on thoracic radiography.

The fecal bacterial microbiota is not useful for discriminating between lymphoplasmacytic enteritis and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma in cats nor for predicting therapeutic response.

Objective: To evaluate the fecal bacterial microbiota at the time of diagnosis (T0) and after 1 month of therapy (T1) in cats diagnosed with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) or cats with low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) and to compare these findings with those of healthy cats.

Animals: 5 healthy cats, 13 cats with LPE, and 7 cats with LGITL were prospectively enrolled between June 2020 and June 2021.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected at T0 and T1, and DNA was extracted for 16S ribosomal amplicon sequencing.

A case series of urinary bladder rhabdomyosarcoma in seven dogs.

Background: Juvenile urinary bladder rhabdomyosarcoma (ubRMS) is a known entity; however, literature regarding its clinical behavior and endoscopic features is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and endoscopic features, and outcomes of ubRMS in dogs.

Case Description: Dogs undergoing transurethral endoscopy and with a histological diagnosis of ubRMS were retrospectively collected.

Comparative Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Serum Albumin to Globulin Ratio and Serum C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Dogs with Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Healthy Dogs.

Few routinely available biomarkers are clinically useful in assessing dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy caused by immunosuppressive-responsive enteropathy (IRE-PLE). Only the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been studied, while no information exists on the use of the albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/ALB). We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the NLR, AGR and CRP/ALB in a population of dogs with IRE-PLE.

Relationship between Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Endoscopic and Histopathological Scores in 99 Cats with Chronic Enteropathy.

Few studies have investigated total protein (TP) and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) in cats with chronic enteropathy (CE). Cats diagnosed with CE were evaluated to investigate the relationships between TP, SPE and endoscopy, histopathology, and extraintestinal involvement. Medical records were searched for cats with a history of chronic gastrointestinal signs and a final diagnosis of CE.

Usefulness of squash preparation cytology in the diagnosis of canine urinary bladder carcinomas.

Background: Epithelial cells show varying degrees of cytologic atypia in dogs with nonmalignant lesions (NML) and carcinomas (ubC) of the bladder, making histopathologic examination necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of squash preparation cytology and identify several cytomorphologic features of ubC to assist in diagnoses.

Methods: Squash preparations were made and reviewed in dogs that underwent transurethral cystoscopy.

Gastroduodenal ulceration detected endoscopically in cats: retrospective study of 61 patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic appearance of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDUs), and to assess the clinical, ultrasonographic and histological data, as well as long-term follow-up, in cats.

Methods: The medical record databases of five veterinary endoscopists were evaluated between January 2016 and 2020, in a retrospective study. Cats with at least one gastric or duodenal ulcer detected by endoscopic examination were included.

Clinical evaluation and microbiota analysis in 9 dogs with antibiotic-responsive enteropathy: A prospective comparison study.

Background: Antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE) is diagnosed by excluding other causes of diarrhea and when there is a short-term response to administration of antibiotics.

Objectives: To characterize the gut microbiota and clinical trend of dogs with suspected ARE and to evaluate the variation in microbiota before (T0), after 30 days (T30) of tylosin treatment, and 30 days after discontinuation of treatment (T60). A further objective was to evaluate whether changes in gut microbiota are related to relapses of diarrhea when the therapy is tapered.

Presence of bronchial nodules, younger age, and heavier body weight are associated with a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease in dogs with cough.

Objective: To describe the association between a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) in dogs with signalment and bronchoscopic features and evaluate the accuracy of visualization of nodules for the diagnosis of ELD.

Animals: 781 dogs with cough that underwent bronchoscopy between 2014 and 2016.

Procedures: Data were extracted from the medical records of each included dog.

Immunosuppressant-Responsive Enteropathy and Non-Responsive Enteropathy in Dogs: Prognostic Factors, Short- and Long-Term Follow Up.

A multicentre prospective study was performed to assess whether clinical, hematobiochemical, endoscopic and histopathological parameters were associated with mortality, clinical response and relapse of disease in short- and long-term follow-up of a total of 165 dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy, of which 150 had immunosuppressant responsive enteropathy (IRE), and 15 had non-responsive enteropathy (NRE) dogs. Clinical severity (CCECAI) was evaluated from presentation (T0) to 18 months (T18) from diagnosis. T0 body condition score (BCS), selected haematological parameters and endoscopic and histopathological scores were evaluated.

Diagnosis and outcome of nasal polyposis in 23 dogs treated medically or by endoscopic debridement.

This study describes the clinical, diagnostic, and pathological characteristics of canine nasal polyps and how they responded to medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatments. The database of a multi-center veterinary endoscopy group was searched from 2010 to 2018. All dogs with a histological diagnosis of nasal polyposis that were undergoing endoscopic investigation (N = 23), were included.

Evaluation of duodenal endoscopic and histologic findings, including counts of forkhead box P3-positive regulatory T cells, in dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the clinical and prognostic importance of duodenal endoscopic and histologic findings, including duodenal mucosal counts of forkhead box P3-positive regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Tregs), in dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE).

Animals: 57 client-owned dogs with IRE.

Procedures: The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was used to assess each dog when IRE was diagnosed (T0) and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later.

Serum homocysteine concentration in dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy.

Background: Homocysteine (HCY) was evaluated in healthy and chronic enteropathic dogs, however no studies on dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy are available.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate serum HCY concentrations and its prognostic role in dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy compared to healthy dogs.

Methods: Serum HCY concentration was statistically compared between 24 healthy dogs and 29 dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy.

Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis.

Background: Chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (CILPR) is a common inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology affecting the nasal cavity of dogs. The diagnosis is made by exclusion of other causes of nasal disease and specific therapeutic protocols are lacking. In human medicine, a relationship between CILPR and gastrointestinal clinical signs has been postulated, and remission of respiratory signs after clinical trials with medications for gastrointestinal disorders has been observed.

Evaluation of metabolic profile and C-reactive protein concentrations in brachycephalic dogs with upper airway obstructive syndrome.

Background: Brachycephalic dogs have abnormal breathing patterns similar to those in humans with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Despite the fact that anatomic and functional alterations are well described in brachycephalic dogs, little is known about the consequences of upper airway obstruction on systemic inflammatory response and metabolic profile.

Diode laser treatment in a case of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in a young dog.

An 8-month-old intact female mixed breed Maremma sheepdog with a history of chronic cough was examined. A diagnosis of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula was made. A novel endoscopic diode laser technique achieved closure of the fistula and resolution of the clinical signs.

Comparison of 2 differently sized endoscopic biopsy forceps in the evaluation of intestinal disease in cats.

Background: In clinical practice, histopathological diagnosis of chronic intestinal disease is challenging because of difficulty in obtaining adequate duodenal samples. At present, no studies have investigated the influence of biopsy forceps size on sample quality in cats.

Objectives: Duodenal biopsy using larger biopsy forceps (2.

Diagnosis of feline mesenchymal nasal hamartoma by squash preparation cytology.

Background: Feline Mesenchymal Nasal Hamartoma (MNH) is a rare benign tumor-like lesion of the sinonasal tract affecting young cats.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of osteoblast-like (OB-L) and osteoclast-like cells (OC-L) in squash preparation cytology from endoscopic biopsies.

Methods: A 5-year database was retrospectively reviewed and included 109 cases of which 24 were diagnosed as MNH by histopathology.

Nasopharyngeal sialoceles in 11 brachycephalic dogs.

Objective: To report clinical features, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and outcomes of brachycephalic dogs with nasopharyngeal sialoceles (NPS).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Eleven brachycephalic dogs with NPS.