Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, anti-biofilm activity, and mechanism of action of Ku Shen () extracts against .

The objective of this study is to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Ku Shen () extracts (KSE) against and explore their anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of action. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of KSE optimized by single factor experiment, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology was as follows: 93% ethanol as solvent, liquid/material ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 500 W, extraction temperature of 80°C and time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the diameter of inhibition circle of KSE was 15.